Prognostic significance of immunohistochemical classification utilizing biopsy specimens in patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Purpose: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), together with cytotoxic chemotherapy (chemoimmunotherapy), have been adapted for the initial treatment of extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC), they have achieved limited success. In ED-SCLC, a subtype of SCLC, the expression of immune-related molecules and clinical data are not well understood in relation to ICI treatment efficiency.

Methods: We examined lung biopsy specimens from patients diagnosed with ED-SCLC treated with chemoimmunotherapy or chemotherapy.

Gastric intramural metastasis caused by needle tract seeding after preoperative fine needle aspiration for pancreatic body cancer subsequently resected by total pancreatectomy: a case report and literature review.

Background: Recently, there has been an increase in the number of reports of needle tract seeding (NTS) of tumor cells after a biopsy as one of the adverse events related to endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). In most of the previously reported cases of NTS in pancreatic cancer, distal pancreatectomy was performed as the initial surgery, following which metachronous metastasis was discovered in the gastric wall, whose localization matched the puncture route of the EUS-FNA. We report a case of early metastasis from pancreatic cancer in the gastric wall, which was postulated to be caused by NTS.

Charcoal maker's pneumoconiosis.

Negligence of health safety is common cause for occupational hazards such as charcoal maker's pneumoconiosis. This case report highlights such a case where the condition developed because of not wearing a dust mask due to the heat during production. As the condition is mostly asymptomatic, preventive measures must be encouraged.

Hemothorax as a complication of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy.

There are more complications in transbronchial lung cryobiopsy than in a conventional transbronchial lung biopsy. Respiratory endoscopists should be aware of the potential complications, including rare complications such as hemothorax.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with cardiac invasion diagnosed using transesophageal ultrasound-guided bronchoscopic aspiration.

Transesophageal ultrasound-guided bronchoscopic aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) allowed for minimally invasive and simultaneous diagnosis and evaluation of the degree of invasion by echocardiography. EUS-B-FNA may be useful for the evaluation and diagnosis of tumours with cardiac invasion.

Pseudocirrhosis due to liver metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma.

Pseudocirrhosis is a radiological diagnosis of cirrhosis without histological evidence and occurs as a complication of liver metastases from solid tumors. A 50-year-old man without any previous history of liver disease was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the left upper lung lobe and liver metastasis. After chemotherapy, the liver metastases shrank; however, over time, the liver shrank and showed cirrhosis-like morphological changes.

Spontaneous pneumothorax during nintedanib therapy in patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Nintedanib, an antifibrotic drug, has recently been approved for treating SSc-ILD. Although there have been no reports suggesting the development of pneumothorax with nintedanib use, its safety in patients with impaired lung function is unclear.

Identification of characteristic subepithelial surface granulomatosis in immune-related adverse event-associated enterocolitis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have provided an additional treatment option for various types of human cancers. However, ICIs often induce various immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Enterocolitis is a major irAE with poorly understood histopathological characteristics.

Lung adenocarcinoma with tumor resolution and dystrophic calcification after salvage surgery following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A case report.

A clinical trial of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer reported an overall survival plateau with a long tail to the survival curve, suggesting that immune checkpoint inhibitors prolong survival. However, little evidence supports the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors as neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We performed salvage surgery on a patient who was treated with an anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody and whose tumor size had not changed over time.

An immunohistochemical marker panel including claudin-18, maspin, and p53 improves diagnostic accuracy of bile duct neoplasms in surgical and presurgical biopsy specimens.

Biliary tract cancers have an extremely poor outcome, and specific diagnostic markers and effective treatments are needed urgently. In this study, we assessed the capacity of panel of immunohistochemical markers including claudin-18, maspin, and p53 to distinguish biliary tract carcinoma and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) from non-neoplastic epithelium. We performed a retrospective study of 66 biliary tract cancer specimens and 63 specimens with non-neoplastic lesions.

Everyday clinical practice in IgG4-related dacryoadenitis and/or sialadenitis: results from the SMART database.

Abstract Objective. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a new disease entity that has only been identified this century. Clinical information is thus lacking.

Diagnostic utility of NCOA2 fluorescence in situ hybridization and Stat6 immunohistochemistry staining for soft tissue angiofibroma and morphologically similar fibrovascular tumors.

Soft tissue angiofibroma (STA), a recently suggested new histologic entity, is a benign fibrovascular soft tissue tumor composed of bland spindle-shaped tumor cells with abundant collagenous to myxoid stroma and branching small vessels. The lesion has a characteristic AHRR-NCOA2 fusion gene derived from chromosomal translocation of t(5;8)(p15;q13). However, morphologically similar tumors containing abundant fibrovascular and myxoid stroma can complicate diagnosis.

Evaluation of submandibular versus labial salivary gland fibrosis in IgG4-related disease.

The newly comprehensive diagnostic criteria in 2011 emphasize the importance of IgG4-positive plasmacyte infiltration along with storiform or swirling fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis in diagnosing IgG4-related disease(RD). Although labial salivary gland (LSG) biopsy is a minimally invasive and convenient procedure for obtaining tissues, LSG fibrosis is thought to be inconspicuous or absent in IgG4-RD cases. In this study we evaluated 15 patients with IgG4-RD, in whom both submandibular gland (SMG) and LSG biopsies were performed at the same time.

Intramedullary spinal cord ganglioglioma presenting as hyperhidrosis: unique symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings: case report.

Hyperhidrosis is caused by a sympathetic dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous system. Intramedullary spinal cord lesions can be a cause of hyperhidrosis. The authors report a rare case of intramedullary thoracic spinal cord ganglioglioma presenting as hyperhidrosis.

Detection of specific genetic abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization in soft tissue tumors.

For the detection of chromosome translocations/chimeric genes and specific genetic abnormalities in soft tissue tumors, we conducted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on 280 cases of soft tissue and other tumors using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The detection rate of the FISH split-signal was 84% (129/154 cases) for the translocation-associated soft tissue tumors, such as Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, synovial sarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, clear cell sarcoma and so forth. Positive split-signals from EWSR1, SS18 and FOXO1A probes were detected in 3% (2/64) of various histological types of carcinoma, lymphoma, melanoma, meningioma and soft tissue tumors.

Pleomorphic phenotypes of gastrointestinal stromal tumors at metastatic sites with or without imatinib treatment.

Secondary resistance of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors occurs after several years' administration. However, the mechanism of resistance has not been fully clarified. In this study, we analyzed the genotypes and the histologic and immunohistochemical phenotypes of metastatic GISTs with and without imatinib treatment, and clarified the pleomorphic nature of metastatic GISTs.