Identifying the Effects of Assistive and Resistive Guidance on the Gait of Elderly People Using a Smart Walker.

Progression of technology has expanded applications of smart walkers in clinical fields. However, it is essential to investigate the effects of different types of gait guidance in order to introduce smart walkers more widely throughout these fields. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of assistive and resistive guidance on the gait of elderly people using a smart walker.

Characterization of a 24-kb plasmid pCGR2 newly isolated from Corynebacterium glutamicum.

A 24-kb plasmid with 21 open reading frames (ORFs) was newly isolated from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14997 and named pCGR2. Three of its ORFs were indispensable for stable autonomous replication of pCGR2 in C. glutamicum: in the absence of selective pressure, deletion derivatives of pCGR2 containing the three ORFs showed stability in C.

Scanning the Corynebacterium glutamicum R genome for high-efficiency secretion signal sequences.

Systematic screening of secretion proteins using an approach based on the completely sequenced genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum R revealed 405 candidate signal peptides, 108 of which were able to heterologously secrete an active-form alpha-amylase derived from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. These comprised 90 general secretory (Sec)-type, 10 twin-arginine translocator (Tat)-type and eight Sec-type with presumptive lipobox peptides. Only Sec- and Tat-type signals directed high-efficiency secretion.

Identification of new secreted proteins and secretion of heterologous amylase by C. glutamicum.

In this study, secreted Corynebacterium glutamicum proteins were investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Around 100 spots observed in the pH range 4.5-5.

Characterization of a new 2.4-kb plasmid of Corynebacterium casei and development of stable corynebacterial cloning vector.

A new plasmid pCASE1 was isolated from Gram-positive Corynebacterium casei JCM 12072. It comprised a 2.4-kb nucleotide sequence with three ORFs, two of which were indispensable for autonomous replication in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Effect of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors on growth of and ethanol production by growth-arrested Corynebacterium glutamicum R.

In cellulosic ethanol production, pretreatment of a biomass to facilitate enzymatic hydrolysis inevitably yields fermentation inhibitors such as organic acids, furans, and phenols. With representative inhibitors included in the medium at various concentrations, individually or in various combinations, ethanol production by Corynebacterium glutamicum R under growth-arrested conditions was investigated. In the presence of various inhibitors, the 62 to 100% ethanol productivity retained by the C.