Occurrence of E. coli and antibiotic-resistant E. coli in the southern watershed of Lake Biwa, including in wastewater treatment plant effluent and inflow rivers.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) poses a serious challenge to human, animal, and environmental health worldwide. ARB can spread into the environment via various sources and routes. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant E.

Synthesis of microspheres stabilized sterically with two-component grafted chains by dispersion copolymerizations using mixture of two macromonomers in nonaqueous media.

The polymer microspheres were synthesized by dispersion copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) with two vinylbenzyl-terminated poly(ethylene glycol methylether) (PEG)/poly(t-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) macromonomer blends in methanol. In these systems of two macromonomer blends as the emulsifier, the polymer microspheres formed had a very narrow particle size distribution. Two macromonomers formed comicelles with DVB monomer and acted not only as the comonomer but also as the stabilizer.