Expression of Tenascin-C Is Upregulated in the Early Stages of Radiation Pneumonitis/Fibrosis in a Novel Mouse Model.

The lung is a major dose-limiting organ for radiation therapy (RT) for cancer in the thoracic region, and the clarification of radiation-induced lung damage (RILD) is important. However, there have been few reports containing a detailed comparison of radiographic images with the pathological findings of radiation pneumonitis (RP)/radiation fibrosis (RF). We recently reported the upregulated expression of tenascin-C (TNC), an inflammation-associated extracellular matrix molecule, in surgically resected lung tissue, and elevated serum levels were elevated in a RILD patient.

Definitive radiotherapy consisting of external beam radiotherapy without central shielding and 3D image-guided brachytherapy for patients with cervical cancer: feasibility for Japanese patients and dose-response analyses for local control in the low-dose range.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of external beam radiotherapy without central shielding in definitive radiotherapy for Japanese patients with cervical cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively analysed the data of cervical cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy consisting of external beam radiotherapy without central shielding and three-dimensional-image-guided brachytherapy.

Results: The study included 167 patients (T1 + 2 = 108, T3 + 4 = 59) from eight Japanese institutions.

Preliminary results of reduced myocardial blood flow in the subacute phase after radiation therapy for thoracic esophageal cancer: A quantitative analysis with stress dynamic myocardial computed tomography perfusion imaging.

Background And Purpose: Late adverse cardiac events after radiation therapy (RT) for thoracic malignancies are known, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the radiation dose that can cause MBF alterations in the subacute phase after RT for thoracic esophageal cancer using stress dynamic myocardial computed tomography perfusion imaging (CTP).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five patients with esophageal cancer scheduled for RT were prospectively enrolled.

Tenascin C in radiation-induced lung damage: Pathological expression and serum level elevation.

Radiation-induced lung damage (RILD) is a critical problem in lung cancer radiotherapy, and it is difficult to predict its severity. Although no biomarkers for RILD have been established, tenascin C (TNC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein involved in the remodeling of damaged tissues and has been implicated in inflammation and fibrosis. We report the unique case of a 36-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the lung, Union for International Cancer Control stage IIIB, who was treated with radiotherapy before lung surgery.

An oldest-old non-small cell lung cancer patient with abscopal effect in a single lesion.

The abscopal effect without concomitant immunotherapy is a rare event, including among cases of lung cancer. Furthermore, the occurrence of limited abscopal effect for only a single lesion in the metastatic organ consistent with the irradiated organ would be an even more rare event. A 94-year-old man was diagnosed with advanced lung cancer with osteolytic bone metastases in his right iliac bone, and the right side of his axial vertebrae.

Intra-arterial chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced buccal mucosal cancer in an elderly patient with multiple comorbidities: A case report.

Background: The management of locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (LA-OCScc) in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities is difficult.

Case: We report the case of an elderly patient with buccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma as well as chronic renal dysfunction, hepatic cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and metachronous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We performed radiation therapy (a total dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions) and six cycles of intra-arterial chemotherapy with 40 mg/m cisplatin per week.

Poor local control of ulcerative T1 glottic cancer treated with 2.25-Gy per fraction radiotherapy.

The Tokai Study Group for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (TOSTRO) started managing T1 glottic cancer using 2.25 Gy/fraction radiotherapy in 2011. The aim was to evaluate the local control (LC) rate and toxicity with 2.

Endobronchial brachytherapy as definitive treatment for endobronchial metastasis after surgery of non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Endobronchial metastasis is a very rare type of recurrence after lung cancer surgery. Surgical intervention may be difficult to perform due to the postoperative reduction in the activities of daily living (ADL) and the invasiveness associated with redo surgery. In such cases, endobronchial brachytherapy (EBBT) plays an important role not only as a palliative treatment, but also as a definitive treatment with curative intent.

Endobronchial brachytherapy combined with surgical procedure for synchronous multiple primary lung cancer: A case report.

The management of synchronous multiple primary lung cancer is a challenge. In this report, we describe our experience in a patient with three synchronous multiple cancers. The first lesion was completely surgically removed, the second lesion received postoperative irradiation, and the third lesion was treated with radiotherapy alone.

Early alteration in apparent diffusion coefficient and tumor volume in cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy: Incremental prognostic value over pretreatment assessments.

Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate a prognostic value of early changes in apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) and tumor volume during treatment in patients with cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy, and to assess whether the early changes provided an incremental value to pre-treatment ADC and tumor volume in predicting disease recurrences.

Methods And Materials: A total of 103 patients with stage IB-IVA cervical cancer including 76 (74%) patients with stage ≥IIIA who underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and during (25 ± 4.6 days after start) the treatment were enrolled.

Non-invasive quantitative measures of qualitative grading effectiveness as the indices of acute radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients.

Background: Recent improvement of machinery evaluation for the skin changes in various therapies enabled us to evaluate fine changes quantitatively. In this study, we performed evaluation of the changes in radiation dermatitis (RD) using quantitative and qualitative methods, and verified the validity of the conventional qualitative assessment for clinical use.

Methods: Forty-three breast cancer patients received conventional fractionated radiotherapy to whole breast after breast-conserving surgery.

The Clinical Outcomes of Hemicortical Extracorporeal Irradiated Autologous Bone Graft After Tumor Resection of Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Background/aim: We analyzed the process of healing at osteotomy sites and timing of achievement of full weight-bearing in sarcoma patients who underwent hemicortical or intercalary reconstruction using the extracorporeal irradiated autologous bone graft technique.

Patients And Methods: We studied 10 patients who had undergone tumor resection and reconstruction with hemicortical extracorporeal irradiated autologous bone graft at mid-shaft femur or tibia. The control group consisted of 30 patients who received the reconstruction using intercalary bone graft.

Perfusion CT to Assess Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Initial Experience.

BackgroundChange in tumor size at CT is insufficient for reliable assessment of treatment response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy (CRT) and shows poor correlation with histologic grading of response.PurposeTo investigate the use of perfusion CT to predict the response of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) to CRT.Materials and MethodsBetween June 2016 and May 2018, study participants with biopsy-proven PDA were prospectively recruited to undergo perfusion CT before and after planned CRT.

Long-term follow-up of intensive chemotherapy followed by reduced-dose and reduced-field irradiation for intracranial germ cell tumor.

OBJECTIVE The authors analyzed the efficacy of intensive chemotherapy followed by reduced-dose and reduced-field irradiation for intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) and evaluated the long-term late effects caused by chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS The authors performed a retrospective study. The subjects were 24 patients who received CRT between April 1994 and April 2015.

Outcomes of Patients With Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated With Particle Therapy Using Protons or Carbon Ions.

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes following particle monotherapy (ie, proton therapy [PT] or carbon ion therapy [CIT]) in patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma at a single institution.

Methods And Materials: Between August 2001 and March 2012, 59 patients were treated with definitive PT or CIT; none underwent chemotherapy or surgery. Of the patients, 22 (37%) had unresectable disease.

Endobronchial brachytherapy with curative intent: the impact of reference points setting according to the bronchial diameter.

Endobronchial brachytherapy (EBB) is an effective treatment for endobronchial tumors. However, bronchial toxicity caused by over-irradiation remains problematic. To decrease bronchial toxicity, we developed a source-centralizing applicator for EBB.

A Novel External Carotid Arterial Sheath System for Intra-arterial Infusion Chemotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe a novel system for treating advanced head and neck cancer consisting of an external carotid arterial sheath (ECAS) and a microcatheter to inject drugs retrogradely into multiple feeding arteries through the superficial temporal artery (STA).

Materials And Methods: Four consecutive patients with head and neck cancer that had more than one feeding artery were enrolled in this study. The ECAS was made of polyurethane and surface-coated with heparin resin to prevent thrombus formation, allowing it to remain in place for a prolonged period of time.

A multicenter survey of stage T1 glottic cancer treated with radiotherapy delivered in 2.25-Gy fractions in clinical practice: An initial 5-year analysis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute and late toxicity as well as local control (LC) in T1 glottic cancer (GC) patients treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) in clinical practice. The Tokai Study Group for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology started RT treatment with a dose of 2.25 Gy for T1 GC in 2011.

The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations on patterns of disease recurrence after chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a literature review and pooled analysis.

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status on disease recurrence in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A literature search was conducted and a total of three studies were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the objective response rate between the EGFR mutation group and the EGFR wild-type group (odds ratios [OR] 1.

Minimally invasive surgery using intraoperative electron-beam radiotherapy for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities with tendon involvement.

Background: When a soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is located at the distal part of an extremity and involves the tendon, a wide excision usually causes severe functional disability. We therefore developed a minimally invasive surgical technique using intraoperative electron-beam radiotherapy (IOERT) to reduce the incidence of post-operative functional disability in patients with peri-/intra-tendinous STS. We assessed the clinical outcomes of the novel minimally invasive surgery.

Multimodality Treatment for Patients with Node-Positive Prostate Cancer: the Role of Radiation Therapy.

Prostate cancer is the secondary most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. Although numerous prospective randomized trial have been conducted to guide the management of patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer, few clinical trials targeting node-positive prostate cancer have been reported. Therefore, there are still controversies in the optimal management of node-positive prostate cancer.

Roles of Valproic Acid in Improving Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma: a Review of Literature Focusing on Clinical Evidence.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain neoplasm. The current standard therapy for GBM consists of maximal surgical resection within safe limits, followed by radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis of GBM remains poor.

Preliminary treatment results of proton beam therapy with chemoradiotherapy for stage I-III esophageal cancer.

The effect of proton beam therapy (PBT) on various cancers is controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PBT with alternating chemoradiotherapy (ACRT) for patients with stage I-III esophageal cancer. Two cycles of systemic chemotherapy with a continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on days 1-5 and a 5h infusion of nedaplatin (NDP) on day 6 were accompanied by thoracic irradiation using X-ray therapy and PBT.