A Randomized Trial of Respiratory Status during Airway Stenting under General Anesthesia Spontaneous Respiration vs. Controlled Ventilation with Muscle Relaxants.

Airway stenting is a procedure in which a stent is inserted into a stenotic site in the airway. However, the optimal ventilation for airway stenting remains controversial. We have planned a randomized, unblinded controlled study to compare intraoperative respiratory status by dividing patients, who underwent airway stenting, into spontaneous respiration (SP) and controlled ventilation with muscle relaxants (MR) groups.

One-year outcomes with half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To assess the 1-year outcome of half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) for patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Design: Retrospective, interventional case series with no controls.

Participants: A total of 204 eyes of 204 patients with chronic CSC were studied.

Quantification of metamorphopsia in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy after half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy.

Purpose: To determine the degree of metamorphopsia before and 1 year after half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy in eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: This was a retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Forty-five eyes of 45 consecutive patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy were evaluated.

Glucocorticoid synthesis-related genes: HSD11B1 and HSD11B2 in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Objective: To determine whether polymorphisms of the maternal glucocorticoid-related genes (HSD11B1 and HSD11B2) are associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in a haplotype-based case-control study.

Methods: A total of 166 PIH patients and 222 age-matched controls were genotyped, with two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the HSD11B1 gene (rs2235543 and rs846910) and three SNPs for the HSD11B2 gene (rs12920590, rs45483293 and rs3743729) used as genetic markers. After separation into preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH) subgroups, PIH patients were assessed.

Microperimetric evaluation of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy after half-dose photodynamic therapy.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine baseline clinical factors to correlate the outcome of half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) in eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: In this prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series, 14 eyes of 14 patients with chronic CSC who received half-dose verteporfin PDT were examined. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), macular sensitivity in the central 4, 8, and 12 degrees, and fixation stability were evaluated at baseline and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after half-dose verteporfin PDT.

Reduction of vitreous contamination rate after 25-gauge vitrectomy by surface irrigation with 0.25% povidone-iodine.

Purpose: To examine whether repeated ocular surface irrigation with 0.25% povidone-iodine, which is highly bactericidal and nonoculotoxic, reduces bacterial contamination of the vitreous during 25-gauge vitrectomy.

Methods: Overall, 4,407 eyes undergoing 25-gauge vitrectomy were studied; of these, 2,801 were irrigated with infusion fluid (group A) and 1,606 with 0.

Low luminance visual acuity in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy.

Background: The aim was to determine the low luminance visual acuity in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: Seven eyes of seven patients with central serous chorioretinopathy and six eyes of six age-matched normal volunteers were examined. Low luminance visual acuity charts were created by an Apple Power Mac G5 computer and displayed on a cathode ray tube monitor (SONY GDM-F500).

Correlation of integrity of cone outer segment tips line with retinal sensitivity after half-dose photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the integrity of the photoreceptor microstructures and retinal sensitivity after half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Design: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series.

Methods: Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with chronic CSC who had received half-dose verteporfin PDT were studied.

Estrogen synthesis genes CYP19A1, HSD3B1, and HSD3B2 in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Hypertension in pregnancy is a multifactorial disorder caused by a complex combination of environmental factors and several predisposing genes. Since estrogen modulates placental vascular development, estrogen synthases are considered plausible candidate genes. The aim of this haplotype-based case-control study was to estimate whether polymorphisms of the maternal estrogen synthesis genes (CYP19A1, HSD3B1 and HSD3B2) are associated with preeclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH).

Analysis of candidate genes for age-related macular degeneration subtypes in the Japanese population.

Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is thought to be a polygenetic disease. It is divided into three subtypes; neovascular AMD (nAMD), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). These subtypes are thought to have different pathophysiological and genetic backgrounds.

Associations of complement factor H (CFH) and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) genotypes with subtypes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Purpose: To clarify whether complement factor H (CFH) and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) genotypes are associated with subtypes of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), such as polypoidal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and typical PCV.

Methods: Two hundred eighty-seven patients were categorized as having polypoidal CNV (85 patients) or typical PCV (202 patients) on the basis of indocyanine green angiographic findings. In total, 277 subjects without age-related macular degeneration (i.

Clear visualization of anterior vitreous incarceration into cannulae during 25-gauge vitrectomy in eyes with asteroid hyalosis.

Purpose: To demonstrate anterior vitreous incarceration in the cannulae at 3 ports during 25-gauge vitrectomy in eyes with asteroid hyalosis.

Methods: In 6 eyes with asteroid hyalosis, 3-port 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was conducted using conventional 25-gauge cannula (4 eyes) or 25-gauge EdgePlusTM trocar/cannula system (2 eyes). The relationship between the cannulae and anterior vitreous was observed during surgery.

Dose of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) used as preoperative adjunct therapy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lower than usual doses of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) on vitreous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentration and intraoperative bleeding when used as preoperative adjunct therapy in patients undergoing vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: Fifty-two eyes (52 patients) with indications for vitrectomy were studied; 12 received bevacizumab, and 40 did not. The bevacizumab group was given a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (0.

A new infusion sustainer that stabilizes perfusion during sutureless 25-gauge vitrectomy.

To stabilize perfusion during sutureless 25-gauge (25G) vitrectomy, we designed an infusion sustainer and examined its usefulness. A reusable infusion sustainer was constructed by soldering a piece of metal wire to a metal paper clip and curling the two ends of the wire. For use, the sustainer was clipped onto the lip retractor, and the infusion line and chandelier fiber were passed through the wire loops.

Effect of operative field irrigation on intraoperative bacterial contamination and postoperative endophthalmitis rates in 25-gauge vitrectomy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare bacterial contamination and endophthalmitis rates with different irrigation methods in 25-gauge vitrectomy.

Methods: A total of 4,347 eyes undergoing 25-gauge vitrectomy were studied prospectively. Of these, 2,801 eyes were irrigated with infusion fluid (group A) and 1,546 with 1.

Three-dimensional depiction of the vitreous pocket using triamcinolone acetonide.

Purpose: To clarify the three-dimensional morphology of the vitreous pocket by direct injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) into the vitreous pocket.

Methods: Ten eyes of 10 subjects with incomplete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) were studied. During vitreous surgery, TA was directly injected into the vitreous pocket.

Highly viscous fluid in macular holes.

We describe a highly viscous fluid inside the macular hole and document that disappearance of this viscous fluid results in concentric macular hole closure. Twenty eyes of 20 patients (64.9 +/- 6.

Double staining with brilliant blue G and double peeling for epiretinal membranes.

Purpose: To compare methods of removing epiretinal membranes (ERM) and evaluate the usefulness of the double brilliant blue G (BBG) staining and double-peeling method.

Design: Prospective, interventional case series.

Participants: We followed 246 consecutive patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy to remove ERM and for > or =12 months.

Novel mutations of ABCC6 gene in Japanese patients with Angioid streaks.

Angioid streaks (AS) are eye abnormalities caused by breaks in Bruch's membrane. The condition is often associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). The ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 6 (ABCC6) is reported to be the causal gene for PXE, although there have been no reports on whether the ABCC6 gene is the causal gene for AS.

Incidence of endophthalmitis after 20- and 25-gauge vitrectomy causes and prevention.

Purpose: To compare endophthalmitis incidence after inpatient 20-gauge (20-G) and 25-G vitrectomies, and to examine the causes and prevention of postvitrectomy endophthalmitis.

Design: Retrospective, interventional, comparative cohort study.

Participants: Six thousand nine hundred thirty-five consecutive patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy.

Haplotype-based case-control study of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene and pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Hypotheses about pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) have been proposed to explain the vascular damage that characterizes this disease. Reports indicate that estrogens and estrogen receptors play important physiological roles in cardiovascular diseases. There have been studies examining the association between coronary artery disease and the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene.

Bimanual anterior vitrectomy using a 25-gauge high-speed cutter to manage vitreous loss during phacoemulsification.

We examined the usefulness of bimanual anterior vitrectomy with a 25-gauge high-speed cutter and infusion cannula for managing vitreous loss during phacoemulsification. Three eyes underwent phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia, during which, posterior capsule rupture occurred, resulting in vitreous loss and residual nuclear fragments. A 25-gauge high-speed cutter (2,500 cuts/min) and a 25-gauge infusion cannula were inserted into the 3 and 9 o'clock ports.