Macrophage-like Blood Cells Are Involved in Inter-Tissue Communication to Activate JAK/STAT Signaling, Inducing Antitumor Turandot Proteins in Fat Body via the TNF-JNK Pathway.

Turandot (Tot) family proteins, which are induced via the JAK/STAT pathway after infection, also suppress lymph gland tumors in mutant larvae. We investigated the potential role of hemocytes in induction in tumor-bearing mutants via immunostaining and RNAi experiments. Normal hemocytes transplanted into mutant larvae were recruited to the tumor and fat body (FB), suggesting that these cells transmit tumor-related information.

Chloride removal and bicarbonate replacement by isotonic sodium bicarbonate-based continuous hemodiafiltration: a novel method to correct severe metabolic acidosis.

Background: Previous reports highlighted the efficacy of hemofiltration utilizing isotonic sodium bicarbonate solution as replacement fluid for severe metabolic acidosis. This approach corrects metabolic acidosis by eliminating chloride and supplementing bicarbonate. Here, we present the results of an in vitro study aimed at determining the effect of Isotonic sodium bicarbonate-based Continuous HemoDiafiltration (IBB-CHDF).

Bi-layered Adipose Mesenchymal Cell Sheets Improve Bladder Compliance in Spinal Cord-Injured Rats.

To improve bladder compliance in patients with low-compliance bladders, augmentation cystoplasty with the intestinal tract is performed. However, the use of the intestinal tract often leads to serious surgical complications. Tissue engineering technologies have the potential to improve bladder compliance without using the intestinal tract.

The ACE1 secondary metabolite gene cluster is a pathogenicity factor of wheat blast fungus.

Wheat blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae pathotype Triticum is now becoming a very serious threat to global food security. Here, we report an essential pathogenicity factor of the wheat blast fungus that is recognized and may be targeted by a rice resistance gene. Map-based cloning of Pwt2 showed that its functional allele is the ACE1 secondary metabolite gene cluster of the wheat blast fungus required for its efficient penetration of wheat cell walls.

A deletion in FLS2 and its expansion after domestication caused global dissemination of melon cultivars defective in flagellin recognition.

FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) encodes a pattern recognition receptor that perceives bacterial flagellin. While putative FLS2 orthologs are broadly conserved in plants, their functional characterization remains limited. Here, we report the identification of orthologs in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and melon (C.

, a Novel Wheat Blast Resistance Gene Derived from .

Wheat blast, caused by (syn. ) pathotype (MoT), is a devastating disease that can result in up to 100% yield loss in affected fields. To find new resistance genes against wheat blast, we screened 199 accessions of , the D genome progenitor of common wheat (), by seedling inoculation assays with Brazilian MoT isolate Br48 and found 14 resistant accessions.

Essential Role of COPII Proteins in Maintaining the Contractile Ring Anchoring to the Plasma Membrane during Cytokinesis in Male Meiosis.

Coatomer Protein Complex-II (COPII) mediates anterograde vesicle transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. Here, we report that the COPII coatomer complex is constructed dependent on a small GTPase, Sar1, in spermatocytes before and during male meiosis. COPII-containing foci co-localized with transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER)-Golgi units.

Cyclin B Export to the Cytoplasm via the Nup62 Subcomplex and Subsequent Rapid Nuclear Import Are Required for the Initiation of Male Meiosis.

The cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1)-cyclin B (CycB) complex plays critical roles in cell-cycle regulation. Before male meiosis, CycB is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via the nuclear porin 62kD (Nup62) subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex. When this export is inhibited, Cdk1 is not activated, and meiosis does not initiate.

Anti-Tumor Effect of Turandot Proteins Induced via the JAK/STAT Pathway in the Hematopoietic Tumor Mutant in .

Several antimicrobial peptides suppress the growth of lymph gland (LG) tumors in () mutant larvae. The activity of another family of polypeptides, called Turandots, is also induced via the JAK/STAT pathway after bacterial infection; however, their influence on tumors remains unclear. The JAK/STAT pathway was activated in LG tumors, fat body, and circulating hemocytes of mutant larvae.

Ectopic expression of matrix metalloproteinases and filopodia extension via JNK activation are involved in the invasion of blood tumor cells in Drosophila mxc mutant.

Drosophila mxc mutant exhibits severe hyperplasia in larval hematopoietic tissue called the lymph glands (LGs). However, the malignant nature of these cells remains unknown. We aimed to identify if mxc LG cells behave as malignant tumor cells and uncover the mechanism(s) underlying the malignancy of the mutant hemocytes.

Loss of , Located on a Supernumerary Chromosome, Is Associated with Parasitic Specialization of on Wheat.

, a blast fungus of gramineous plants, is composed of various host genus-specific pathotypes. The avirulence of an isolate on wheat is conditioned by and . We isolated the third avirulence gene from the isolate and designated it as .

Selective deployment of virulence effectors correlates with host specificity in a fungal plant pathogen.

The hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum orbiculare is predicted to secrete hundreds of effector proteins when the pathogen infects cucurbit crops, such as cucumber and melon, and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), a distantly related Solanaceae species. Here, we report the identification of sets of C. orbiculare effector genes that are differentially required for fungal virulence to two phylogenetically distant host species.

Mitotic progression and dual spindle formation caused by spindle association of de novo-formed microtubule-organizing centers in parthenogenetic embryos of Drosophila ananassae.

Facultative parthenogenesis occurs in many animal species that typically undergo sexual reproduction. In Drosophila, such development from unfertilized eggs involves diploidization after completion of meiosis, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Here we used a laboratory stock of Drosophila ananassae that has been maintained parthenogenetically to cytologically examine the initial events of parthenogenesis.

Drosophila hemocytes recognize lymph gland tumors of mxc mutants and activate the innate immune pathway in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner.

Mechanisms of cancer cell recognition and elimination by the innate immune system remains unclear. The immune signaling pathways are activated in the fat body to suppress the tumor growth in mxcmbn1 hematopoietic tumor mutants in Drosophila by inducing antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanism underlying the activation in the mutant.

Downregulating Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase γ in the Muscle Stimulated Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Muscle Aging-Related Phenotypes in Adults.

Reactive oxygen species, generated as by-products of mitochondrial electron transport, can induce damage to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and proteins. Here, we investigated whether the moderate accumulation of mtDNA damage in adult muscles resulted in accelerated aging-related phenotypes in . DNA polymerase γ (Polγ) is the sole mitochondrial DNA polymerase.

Does repeat laparoscopic hepatectomy without extracorporeal Pringle manoeuvre worsen treatment outcomes?

Introduction: The Pringle manoeuvre is used in most hospitals to counteract intraoperative haemorrhage in laparoscopic hepatectomy by occluding the flow of blood to the liver. However, in laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy (LRH), outcomes of previous surgery and the influence of other factors frequently make it difficult to occlude the inflow of blood.

Aim: To discuss the value of inflow occlusion during LRH and provide tips for its performance.

Successful Laparoscopic Treatment of Pancreatic Metastasis From Sigmoid Colon Cancer: A Case Report.

Progressive colorectal cancer frequently presents with various manifestations, including hepatic, pulmonary, and peritoneal metastases, as well as local and anastomotic site recurrences. However, pancreatic metastasis is extremely rare. Complete surgical resection is currently considered the most effective and only potentially curative treatment for colorectal cancer with distant metastases.

Treating an Intractable Jejunocutaneous Fistula by Endoscopic Metallic Stent Placement: A Case Report of Successful Palliative Endoscopic Treatment in a Case Demonstrating Peritoneal Dissemination with Terminal Stage Gastric Cancer.

A 74-year-old woman with recurrent gastric cancer underwent laparotomy for peritoneal dissemination, and the damaged jejunum formed a jejunocutaneous fistula. Because conservative treatment alone could not cure the fistula, we performed an endoscopic placement of a partially covered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) to cover the fistula. After the procedure, the contrast medium no longer leaked from the intestinal lumen.

Difference between delayed anastomosis and early anastomosis in damage control laparotomy affecting the infusion volume and NPWT output volume: is infusion restriction necessary in delayed anastomosis? A single-center retrospective analysis.

Objectives: During temporary abdominal closure (TAC) with damage control laparotomy (DCL), infusion volume and negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) output volume are associated with the success and prognosis of primary fascial closure. The same may also hold true for anastomosis. The aim of this research is to evaluate whether the difference between early anastomosis and delayed anastomosis in DCL is related to infusion volume and NPWT output volume.