17 Beta-estradiol improves survival in male mice with cardiomyopathy induced by cardiac-specific tumor necrosis factor-alpha overexpression.

A transgenic mouse model of congestive heart failure (CHF) consequent to cardiac-specific overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (TNF1.6) displays marked sex-related phenotypic differences. To clarify the potential contributions of estrogen to these sex-specific differences, male TNF1.