Publications by authors named "Yoshihiko Yano"
Background/aim: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (AteBev) is widely used as a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, evidence regarding the optimal drug sequence following AteBev treatment is limited. This study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes between tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and durvalumab plus tremelimumab (DurTre) following AteBev treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aim: Sorafenib and lenvatinib have long been used as a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Along with the development of systemic chemotherapy for HCC, the concept of conversion hepatectomy has recently become widespread. The present study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of sorafenib and lenvatinib for HCC regarding the possibility of conversion hepatectomy in clinical practice.
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- The study focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of ramucirumab as a treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in patients with poor liver function or after other therapies.
- Data was analyzed from 17 patients who received ramucirumab, revealing a median overall survival of 11.5 months and some improvement in liver function markers after treatment.
- Additionally, lenvatinib, re-administered after ramucirumab treatment failure, showed promise as a valid treatment strategy, although it led to liver function deterioration in some patients.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced liver injury (LI) is a common adverse event, but the clinical characteristics based on the classification of hepatocellular injury and cholestatic types are not fully evaluated. This study aims to analyze risk factors and histological findings in relation to the classification of ICI-induced LI. In total, 254 ICI-induced LI patients among 1086 treated with ICIs between September 2014 and March 2022 were classified according to the diagnostic criteria for drug-induced LI (DILI), and their risk factors and outcomes were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrently, hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antibody (anti-HBc antibody) and HBV core-related antigen (HBcrAg) are widely used as serum markers for diagnosis based on the HBV core region. This review focused on anti-HBc antibodies and HBcrAg and aimed to summarize the clinical significance of currently used assay systems and the issues involved. While anti-HBc is very significant for clinical diagnosis, the clinical significance of quantitative assay of anti-HBc antibody has been reevaluated with improvements in diagnostic performance, including its association with clinical stage and prediction of carcinogenesis and reactivation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present a case of nephronophthisis 13 that resulted from WDR19 variants. The patient, a nine-year-old Japanese boy, had detection of mild proteinuria during a school urine screening. Urinalysis revealed mild proteinuria without hematuria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAim: The IMbrave150 trial revealed that atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (AtezoBv) showed a higher objective response rate (ORR) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although conversion therapy after AtezoBv has been recently reported, markers predictive of its efficacy, particularly radiological imaging markers, have not yet been identified. The present study focused on tumor morphological appearance on radiological imaging and evaluated whether it could be associated with AtezoBv efficacy.
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- PIVKA-II is a marker for vitamin K deficiency in newborns, and its occurrence in neonatal blood at birth and its relation to gestational age were studied in this analysis.
- The analysis revealed that 42.8% of infants tested positive for PIVKA-II, with a significantly higher incidence in term infants (49.4%) compared to preterm infants (29.7%).
- After five days post-birth, PIVKA-II levels decreased, likely due to vitamin K prophylaxis, and only one case of vitamin K deficiency bleeding was observed.
Background: Although genome duplication, or polyploidization, is believed to drive cancer evolution and affect tumor features, its significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. We aimed to determine the characteristics of polyploid HCCs by evaluating chromosome duplication and to discover surrogate markers to discriminate polyploid HCCs.
Methods: The ploidy in human HCC was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for multiple chromosomes.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the effect of immunoglobulin-bound SCCA on serum SCCA levels, an important tumor marker for squamous cell carcinoma, using two different testing methods: CLIA and CLEIA.
- Analysis involved 75 serum samples and examined levels of IgG and IgA anti-SCCA antibodies, suggesting these antibodies can impact measurement accuracy.
- It was found that the correlation between CLIA and CLEIA results is strong, but the presence of IgG-type anti-SCCA antibodies can lead to falsely elevated SCCA levels in the CLIA method.
Background And Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze factors associated with the overall survival (OS) of atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). We also assessed the OS of patients with ineffective therapy and those who discontinued treatment owing to adverse events (AEs).
Methods: This retrospective multicenter study involved 139 patients with aHCC who received atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy between November 2020 and September 2022.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess the reliability of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) harmonization in clinical settings after evidence shows it minimizes differences in results from various immunoassays among healthy individuals.
- Researchers analyzed data from 431 patients and found that one harmonized TSH immunoassay acted differently from the others, causing some patients to be misclassified in their thyroid hormone levels.
- The findings suggest that while TSH harmonization is generally stable, healthcare providers should be cautious with patients who are poorly nourished, as they may experience TSH level deviations that could affect their diagnosis and treatment.*
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the global profile of the literature in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) research.
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a clinically heterogeneous condition characterized by fat accumulation in the liver and the absence of significant alcohol consumption or underlying genetic disorders. These manifestations are associated with inflammation, steatosis, and fibrosis that can develop into cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma.
The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...
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- - The study aimed to explore how maternal serum creatinine (SCr) levels affect neonatal SCr levels from birth to Day 5, comparing term and preterm infants in the process.
- - Significant correlations were found between maternal and neonatal SCr at birth and Day 1, with term infants initially having higher SCr levels than preterm infants, but this changed by Day 1.
- - The findings indicate that maternal SCr significantly influences neonatal SCr initially, but this effect diminishes by Day 2, and highlights differences in glomerular filtration rates between term and preterm babies.
Background/aim: Lenvatinib is a multiple-tyrosine kinase inhibitor used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its systematic concentration varies according to liver function. The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade is a novel indicator for predicting liver function in patients with hepatic disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ALBI grade and HCC patients' lenvatinib treatment duration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs an uncommon but nonrandom translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) t(5;11)(q31;q23) results in fusion between KMT2A at 11q23 and ARHGAP26 at 5q31. The 5q31 region has another KMT2A partner, AFF4, which was identified in acute lymphoblastic leukemia harboring ins(5;11)(q31;q13q23). We report here a 65-year-old woman with AML M5b.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aim: The chemotherapeutic landscape for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) has changed dramatically with the availability of several treatment options. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of lenvatinib treatment and analyze its feasibility in the sequential treatment of HCCs.
Patients And Methods: Eighty-five consecutive patients who received lenvatinib for unresectable HCCs were investigated retrospectively.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a common devastating neuromuscular disorder, usually involving homozygous deletion of the gene. Newly developed drugs can improve the motor functions of infants with SMA when treated in the early stage. To ensure early diagnosis, newborn screening for SMA (SMA-NBS) via PCR-based genetic testing with dried blood spots (DBSs) has been spreading throughout Japan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aim: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib are the key drugs in the current systemic chemotherapeutic regimen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have reported the potential effectiveness of lenvatinib introduction after an atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment; however, the therapeutic effectiveness of a lenvatinib rechallenge after an atezolizumab plus bevacizumab treatment remains unclear.
Patients And Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients who were rechallenged with lenvatinib after clinical failure following treatments with lenvatinib and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab were included.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the role of mucosa-associated microbiota (MAM) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly how it differs from fecal microbiota.
- - Researchers collected MAM samples from both NAFLD patients and healthy controls using colonoscopy and analyzed their microbial profiles, finding that the fecal microbiota exhibited reduced diversity in NAFLD patients.
- - Despite fecal dysbiosis being present in NAFLD, the MAM remained relatively stable and uniform across different intestinal locations, highlighting a potential resilience of MAM compared to fecal microbiota.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to investigate the relationship between Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and Treponemal (TP) antibody tests used for diagnosing syphilis by analyzing their results from a group of patients.
- Results showed that while RPR tests had good sensitivity and acceptable specificity, they generally performed worse than TP tests, particularly with automatic testing methods.
- The findings suggested a need for standardization and better quantification of both RPR and TP tests to improve reliability in diagnosing syphilis.
Background And Aim: Molecular-targeted therapies such as sorafenib and lenvatinib have long been used as first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). However, adverse events or limited therapeutic effects may necessitate the change to another therapeutic option, known as post-progression therapy. To investigate the significance of post-progression therapy, we analyzed the outcomes of aHCC patients following first-line molecular-targeted therapy in a real-world study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResistant starch (RS) has been reported to improve steatosis as well as obesity. Type 4 resistant starch (RS4), a chemically modified starch, is particularly hard to digest and suggesting higher efficacy. However, because the effects of RS4 on steatosis are not yet fully understood, the effects of RS4 on steatosis were examined using a murine high-fat diet model.
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- Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab is now the standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but further understanding of its clinical outcomes is needed.
- A study evaluated 34 patients, measuring their responses and liver function over time, revealing a 15.6% objective response rate and a 93.8% disease control rate.
- The treatment can be effective regardless of liver function or treatment line, and lenvatinib following failed therapy shows promise, but may affect liver health, necessitating careful monitoring.