J Phys Chem Lett
November 2024
The glass-to-liquid transition of water, particularly in high-density water (HDW), has long been a controversial topic due to challenges posed by inevitable crystallization. In this study, we addressed this issue by creating homogeneous high-density glass from a dilute glycerol aqueous solution under high pressure. Using dielectric spectroscopy, we explored the glass transition of HDW in glycerol solutions across the full concentration range under high pressures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV-R) is a serious complication that can occur in patients with resolved HBV infection during cancer chemotherapy. We examined the levels of HBV surface antibody (HBsAb) and HBV core antibody (HBcAb) to assess the incidence of HBV-R in cancer patients including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and rituximab administration. This retrospective cohort study included 590 patients with resolved HBV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Guidelines such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommend mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for the treatment of severe steroid-refractory immune-related hepatotoxicity. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an active form of MMF that suppresses T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation and immune-related adverse events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors. MPA has a narrow therapeutic range (37-70 µg·h/mL) and overexposure increases the risk of leukopenia in transplantation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Chem Chem Phys
November 2022
Metastable forms of ice and their crystal growth play an important role in meteorology, cryobiology, and planetary science. However, it is difficult to investigate the effects of solute on the crystal growth of ice in a dilute aqueous solution due to the segregation. Herein, we made a non-segregated glass of dilute trehalose aqueous solution (0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, including ramucirumab and nivolumab, are used to treat advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Malignant ascites is often accompanied by peritoneal metastasis in AGC patients. However, the distribution of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies into ascites has yet to be adequately investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStochastic Resonance (SR) is a phenomenon in which noise improves the performance of a system. With the addition of noise, a weak input signal to a nonlinear system, which may exceed its threshold, is transformed into an output signal. In the other words, noise-driven signal transfer is achieved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2022
Water forms two glassy waters, low-density and high-density amorphs, which undergo a reversible polyamorphic transition with the change in pressure. The two glassy waters transform into the different liquids, low-density liquid (LDL) and high-density liquid (HDL), at high temperatures. It is predicted that the two liquid waters also undergo a liquid-liquid transition (LLT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKidney transplant recipients with tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive therapy are often treated with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) to prevent gastric ulcer complications. Vonoprazan, a potassium-competitive acid blocker, is a novel PPI possessing different metabolic pathways from conventional PPIs (e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier plays a pivotal role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF), a major polymethoxyflavone found in black ginger, on TJ barrier regulation using intestinal Caco-2 cells. PMF treatment enhanced the TJ barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells, indicated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance (control, 1261 ± 36 Ω·cm; 100 μM PMF, 1383 ± 55 Ω·cm at 48 h, < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFControl of ice formation is an important issue as catastrophic ice growth influences our life activities and many industrial systems. We prepared a homogeneous glass of a dilute glycerol aqueous solution by a pressure liquid cooling vitrification method and examined the effect of solute on the ice formation of solvent water using a powder X-ray diffraction method. The solvent water immediately after the crystallization is composed of nanosized pure cubic ice (ice Ic).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhen a dilute aqueous solution freezes at 1 atm, it is segregated into water-rich ice Ih and solute-rich freeze-concentrated glassy solution. A similar segregation is observed at the crystallization of homogeneous glassy aqueous solutions by heating. The influence of solutes on the nucleation of solvent water and the solute discharge process from the crystalline ice are not clear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolyamorphic transition in water is expected to occur at low temperatures and high pressures. Recently, the polyamorphic transitions of polyol aqueous solutions were examined under pressure at low temperatures, and the location of their liquid-liquid critical points was estimated experimentally. The addition of polyol solute in water induces the shift of polyamorphic transition pressure toward the lower pressure side.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo solve a mystery of low-temperature liquid water, a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) hypothesis that the two kinds of waters, low-density and high-density liquids (LDL and HDL), and a critical point relating to the two waters exist is thought to be the most realistic idea. However, there is no conclusive evidence showing the existence of LLCP. I measured the polyamorphic volume changes of the glassy dilute polyol (ethylene glycol, glycerol, -erythritol, xylitol, and D-sorbitol) aqueous solutions during the compression and decompression processes and estimated the location of LLCP for the polyol aqueous solution by a new analysis of the concentration dependence of polyamorphic transition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe application of noise to a nonlinear system can have the effect of increasing the signal transmission of the system through the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR). This paper presents an analytical characterization of the dependence of the signal transmission performance of an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) on external noise. Similarly to the threshold of a nonlinear system, the additive internal noise of the system can be used to control the emergence of SR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFI examined the polyamorphic behavior of glassy dilute aqueous solutions of polyols (ethylene glycol, glycerol, meso-erythritol, xylitol, and D-sorbitol) under pressure at low temperatures. Although the volume change of the glassy aqueous solution varied continuously against pressure, the rate of the volume change appeared to vary discontinuously at the onset pressure of the gradual polyamorphic transition. It is thought that low-density liquid-like solvent water and high-density liquid-like solvent water coexist during the transition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lapatinib and erlotinib are used for cancer treatment, showing large interindividual variability. Therapeutic drug monitoring may be useful for assessing the clinical outcomes and adverse events. A simple high-performance liquid chromatography UV method was developed for the determination of lapatinib and erlotinib in human plasma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA glassy dilute glycerol-water solution undergoes a mutual polyamorphic transition relating to the transition between high- and low-density amorphous ices of solvent water. The polyamorphic transition behavior depends on the glycerol concentration, indicating that the glycerol affects the water polyamorphism. Here, we used the glassy dilute glycerol-water solution of the solute molar fraction of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight can result in DNA damage and an inflammatory reaction of the skin commonly known as sunburn, which in turn can lead to cutaneous tissue disorders. However, little has been known about how UV-induced DNA damage mediates the release of inflammatory mediators from keratinocytes. Here, we show that UVB radiation intensity-dependently increases NLRP3 gene expression and IL-1β production in human keratinocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe experimental and theoretical studies of supercooled liquid water strongly suggest that the two liquid waters and their liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) exist at low temperature. However, the decisive experimental evidence of the LLCP has not been obtained because of the rapid crystallization of liquid water in the "no-man's land." Here, we observed experimentally the pressure-induced polyamorphic transition in the dilute glycerol-water solution which relates to the water polyamorphism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLithium chloride aqueous solutions (LiClaq solutions) below 10 mol.% are vitrified by cooling from room temperature to 77 K at 0.3 GPa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRibavirin (RBV), a guanosine analog for treatment of hepatitis C, is a substrate of a nucleoside transporter, solute carrier family 29 member 1 (SLC29A1). To clarify the impact of SLC29A1 on the pharmacokinetics of RBV, an open-label, crossover study of single-dose RBV (200 mg, p.o.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochem Biophys Res Commun
January 2013
In the present study using rats, we demonstrated that central and peripheral administration of des-acyl ghrelin induced a decrease in the surface temperature of the back, and an increase in the surface temperature of the tail, although the effect of peripheral administration was less marked than that of central administration. Furthermore, these effects of centrally administered des-acyl ghrelin could not be prevented by pretreatment with [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 GH secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a) antagonists. Moreover, these actions of des-acyl ghrelin on body temperature were inhibited by the parasympathetic nerve blocker methylscopolamine but not by the sympathetic nerve blocker timolol.
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