Diversity and plant growth promotion potential of endophytic fungi isolated from hairy vetch in Japan.

Hairy vetch ( Roth), a leguminous plant with nitrogen-fixing ability, is used as a cover crop and has the potential to suppress weeds and plant diseases. The microbial composition, particularly fungal endophytes, which may be related to the beneficial functions of this crop, has not been previously studied. In this study, we analyzed the diversity and function of culturable fungal endophytes associated with hairy vetch from eight locations across Japan.

Influence of -Ionone in the Phytotoxicity of the Rhizome of Lam.

Lam., also known as Sweetie Iris, is a perennial ornamental and medicinal plant that produces a wide range of secondary metabolites. The Sweetie Iris was recently reported to have high allelopathic properties with the potential to be explored in sustainable weed management.

Design and synthesis of strong root gravitropism inhibitors with no concomitant growth inhibition.

Herein, we describe a highly potent gravitropic bending inhibitor with no concomitant growth inhibition. Previously, we reported that (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (ku-76) selectively inhibits root gravitropic bending of lettuce radicles at 5 μM. Based on the structure-activity relationship study of ku-76 as a lead compound, we designed and synthesized various C4-substituted analogs of ku-76.

Improved Stabilization and In Vitro Digestibility of Mulberry Anthocyanins by Double Emulsion with Pea Protein Isolate and Xanthan Gum.

There is significant evidence that double emulsion has great potential for successfully encapsulating anthocyanins. However, few research studies are currently using a protein-polysaccharide mixture as a stable emulsifier for double emulsion. This study aimed to improve the stability and in vitro digestibility of mulberry anthocyanins (MAs) by employing a double emulsion composed of pea protein isolate (PPI) and xanthan gum (XG).

Effects of Four Isothiocyanates in Dissolved and Gaseous States on the Growth and Aflatoxin Production of In Vitro.

Aflatoxins (AFs), a class of toxins produced by certain species of the genus , occasionally contaminate food and cause serious damage to human health and the economy. AFs contamination is a global problem, and there is a need to develop effective strategies to control aflatoxigenic fungi. In this study, we focused on isothiocyanates (ITCs) as potential chemical agents for the control of aflatoxigenic fungi.

Relationship between the Antioxidant Activity and Allelopathic Activities of 55 Chinese Pharmaceutical Plants.

Pharmaceutical plants contain several phytochemicals that are sources of myriad biological activities. These biological activities can be explored in multiple fields for the benefit of mankind. Pharmaceutical plants with high ethnobotanical indices (i.

L-Canavanine, a Root Exudate From Hairy Vetch () Drastically Affecting the Soil Microbial Community and Metabolite Pathways.

L-Canavanine, a conditionally essential non-proteinogenic amino acid analog to L-arginine, plays important roles in cell division, wound healing, immune function, the release of hormones, and a precursor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO). In this report, we found that the L-canavanine is released into the soil from the roots of hairy vetch () and declines several weeks after growth, while it was absent in bulk proxy. Hairy vetch root was able to exudate L-canavanine in both pots and conditions in an agar-based medium.

Ultrafine bubble water mitigates plant growth in damaged soil.

Water containing ultrafine/nano bubbles (UFBs) promoted the growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in soil damaged by cultivation of tomato in the previous year or bacterial wilt-like disease and also promoted the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) when lettuce was grown in the soil damaged by repeated cultivation of lettuce. On the other hand, UFB supply did not affect plant growth in rock wool or healthy soil. Furthermore, the growth of lettuce was not affected by UFB water treatment in the soil damaged by the cultivation of tomato.

Evaluation of Growth, Yield, and Biochemical Attributes of Bitter Gourd ( L.) Cultivars under Karaj Conditions in Iran.

Vegetative and reproductive characteristics, fruit yield, and biochemical compounds of six bitter melon cultivars (Iranshahr, Mestisa, No. 486, Local Japanese, Isfahan, and Ilocano) were evaluated under Karaj conditions in Iran. The phytochemical properties of the cultivars were evaluated using both shade-dried and freeze-dried samples at three fruit developmental stages (unripe, semi-ripe, and ripe).

Variation in the Physical and Functional Properties of Yam ( spp.) Flour Produced by Different Processing Techniques.

Research on the processing of yam ( spp.) into flour is aimed at optimizing techniques to obtain a material with high physicochemical and functional properties. The present study investigates the effect of the processing techniques on the levels of inulin, organic acids, total phenolics (TP), antioxidant capacity, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as on the physicochemical properties of flour derived from two yam species- and .

Allelopathic activities of three carotenoids, neoxanthin, crocin and β-carotene, assayed using protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis.

Allelopathic activities of three carotenoids of a natural pigment group, neoxanthin, crocin and β-carotene, were assayed by the protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis (DIA-PP method). Effects on three different growth stages of lettuce protoplasts, i.e.

Therapeutic peptides of L.: Anti-genotoxic molecules against human hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus.

To assist the development of new therapeutic strategies for several disorders, biologically active peptides/proteins obtained from plant sources can be considered. Current study expected to determine the biological activities of peptide fractions of against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2/ADM, HepG2, SMMC-7721, and QGY-7703), as well as normal cell line to prove their selectivity. Moreover, anti-genotoxicity and antiviral activity against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were assessed.

Field multi-omics analysis reveals a close association between bacterial communities and mineral properties in the soybean rhizosphere.

The plant root-associated environments such as the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere are different from the outer soil region (bulk soil). They establish characteristic conditions including microbiota, metabolites, and minerals, and they can directly affect plant growth and development. However, comprehensive insights into those characteristic environments, especially the rhizosphere, and molecular mechanisms of their formation are not well understood.

Recent Advances in Saffron Soil Remediation: Activated Carbon and Zeolites Effects on Allelopathic Potential.

Saffron ( L.) is a highly valuable plant. Iran provides nearly 90% of the world's total saffron and is the biggest global producer.

Design and chemical synthesis of root gravitropism inhibitors: Bridged analogues of ku-76 have more potent activity.

Previously, we found (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (ku-76) to be a selective inhibitor of root gravitropic bending of lettuce radicles at 5 μM, with no concomitant growth inhibition, and revealed the structure-activity relationship in this inhibitory activity. The conformation of ku-76 is flexible owing to the open-chain structure of pentan-2,4-dienoic acid with freely rotating single bonds, and the (2Z)-alkene moiety may be isomerized by external factors. To develop more potent inhibitors and obtain insight into the target biomolecules, various analogues of ku-76, fixed through conformation and/or configuration, were synthesized and evaluated.

Evaluation of Allelopathic Activity of Chinese Medicinal Plants and Identification of Shikimic Acid as an Allelochemical from Hook. f.

This study focused on the potential allelopathy of 50 species of Chinese medicinal plants, which are mainly distributed in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, and Yunnan Province. The "sandwich method" was adopted and used for the screening for allelopathic potential among these plant species. Further phytotoxic evaluation of the candidate species was conducted by applying plant extracts to crops and weed species.

Metabolome Analysis Identified Okaramines in the Soybean Rhizosphere as a Legacy of Hairy Vetch.

Inter-organismal communications below ground, such as plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere, affect plant growth. Metabolites are shown to play important roles in biological communication, but there still remain a large number of metabolites in soil to be uncovered. Metabolomics, a technique for the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in samples, may uncover the molecules that intermediate these interactions.

Plant Growth Inhibitory Activities and Volatile Active Compounds of 53 Spices and Herbs.

The inhibitory activities of the leachates and volatiles from 53 plant species (spices and herbs) were evaluated against lettuce ( "Great Lakes 366") seedling growth using the sandwich and dish pack methods, respectively. With the sandwich method, parsley () showed the strongest inhibitory effect on lettuce radicle growth (77%), followed by tarragon () (72%). However, caraway (), dill () (seed), laurel (), rosemary (), and sage () were the most inhibitory species (100% inhibition of lettuce radicle and hypocotyl growth inhibition at all distance wells) in the dish pack method.

Essential structural features of (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid for inhibition of root gravitropism.

Previously, we found (2Z,4E)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid (ku-76) to be a selective inhibitor of root gravitropic bending of lettuce radicles at 5 μM, with no concomitant growth inhibition. Here, we describe a structure-activity relationship study of ku-76 to determine the essential structural features for the inhibitory activity. A series of ku-76 analogues was synthesized and the key features of ku-76 that are necessary for inhibition of lettuce root gravitropic bending were determined.

First Broad Screening of Allelopathic Potential of Wild and Cultivated Plants in Turkey.

Turkey has one of the richest plant diversities in the Mediterranean region. In the current literature, no broad screening has been conducted on the potential allelopathy of plants from Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic activity of a large number of plants from Turkey for the first time and to determine the species with significant plant growth inhibitory potentials by bioassay.

Screening for Plant Volatile Emissions with Allelopathic Activity and the Identification of L-Fenchone and 1,8-Cineole from Star Anise () Leaves.

One hundred and thirty-nine medicinal plant species were screened for their allelopathic activity through volatile emissions using as a test plant. Volatile emissions from the leaves of star anise () showed the highest inhibition (100%) on the radicle and hypocotyl growth. Using headspace gas collection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), seven major volatile compounds from the leaves of star anise, including α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, 1,8-cineole, D-limonene, camphor, and L-fenchone were detected.

Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce ( L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron () by Using Static Exposure Method.

Safranal, the main volatile chemical of Saffron () was studied to estimate its allelopathic effects on the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, leaf electrolyte leakage, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activity of the test plant Lettuce (). In this study, the effective concentration (EC) of safranal on CAT was estimated to be 6.12 µg/cm.

Medicinal Plants Used in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality, Southern Ghana: An Ethnobotanical Study.

The in-depth traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is at risk of extinction due to the dependency on oral transmission, and as such, there is an urgent need to document such knowledge. This study aimed to document indigenous uses of medicinal plants among community members in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality. Data was collected in 2016 from community members and local herbalists in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality through a semi-structured questionnaire.

Involvement of Carnosic Acid in the Phytotoxicity of Leaves.

Weeds are rapidly developing resistance to synthetic herbicides, and this can pose a threat to the ecosystem. Exploring allelopathic species as an alternative weed control measure can help minimize the ecological threat posed by herbicide-resistant weeds. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of some polyphenols to the allelopathy of rosemary ( L.