Medicinal herbs, especially Hibiscus sabdariffa, inhibit oral pathogenic bacteria.

Objectives: Medicinal herbs are plants with potential medicinal and health benefits. In recent years, they are being increasingly used as a treatment alternative owing to their effectiveness against various diseases. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of 15 medicinal herbs on causative bacteria for dental caries and periodontal disease.

Persister Cell Formation and Elevated and Gene Expression upon Hydrogen Peroxide Exposure in a Periodontal Pathogen .

The effect of hydrogen peroxide, an antiseptic dental treatment, on , the main causative agent of localized invasive periodontitis, was investigated. Hydrogen peroxide treatment (0.06%, 4× minimum inhibitory concentration) resulted in the persistence and survival of approximately 0.

Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Inhibit the Biofilm Formation of Cariogenic Microorganisms.

Although various caries-preventive agents have been developed, dental caries is still a leading global disease, mostly caused by biological factors such as mutans streptococci. Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles have been reported to exhibit antibacterial effects; however, they are rarely used in oral care practical applications. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on biofilm formation by and -two typical caries-causing bacteria.

Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Kill Exponentially Growing and Persister Cells by Causing Physical Damage.

Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles are widely used in medicinal and hygiene products because of their low toxicity, environment-friendliness, and low cost. Here, we studied the effects of three different sizes of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on antibacterial activity: NM80, NM300, and NM700. NM80 (D = 75.

Rhamnolipids and surfactin inhibit the growth or formation of oral bacterial biofilm.

Background: Bacteria survive in various environments by forming biofilms. Bacterial biofilms often cause significant problems to medical instruments and industrial processes. Techniques to inhibit biofilm formation are essential and have wide applications.

Reactive Oxygen Species Penetrate Persister Cell Membranes of for Effective Cell Killing.

Persister cells are difficult to eliminate because they are tolerant to antibiotic stress. In the present study, using artificially induced persister cells, we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) have greater effects on persister cells than on exponential cells. Thus, we examined which types of ROS could effectively eliminate persister cells and determined the mechanisms underlying the effects of these ROS.

Docosahexaenoic acid enhances M2 macrophage polarization via the p38 signaling pathway and autophagy.

Macrophages, critical modulators of the immune response, polarize into various phenotypes, including M1 and M2. M1 macrophages are typically activated by lipopolysaccharide and produce proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, M2 macrophages are activated by stimulation with interleukin 4 (IL)-4 and promote tissue remodeling and anti-inflammatory reactions.