Current treatment status of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Japan based on a claims database analysis.

Background: Treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has changed over the past decades. Understanding the actual status of IPF treatment and evaluating the consistency of the guidelines are important for improving the treatment strategy. However, the relevant information is insufficient in Japan.

Incidence and changes in treatment of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Japan: A claims-based retrospective study.

Background: Acute exacerbation is an essential prognostic factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is the leading cause of death in Japanese patients with IPF. Its epidemiology, treatment status, and effect on IPF progression have been insufficiently investigated. We examined the incidence of acute exacerbation and treatment status before and after the onset of acute exacerbation in Japanese patients with IPF to provide basic information for treatment strategies.

Diagnosis and treatment of influenza based on health insurance claims between the 2010-2011 and 2019-2020 influenza seasons in Japan.

Medical practices for influenza virus infection vary among countries. In Japan, treatment with anti-influenza drugs is recommended for patients diagnosed with influenza. This health claims database study provides quantitative information aimed at describing the actual medical practices, including diagnostic testing and medication use, for managing influenza in Japan.

Prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Japan based on a claims database analysis.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a cryptogenic chronic interstitial pneumonia with progressive fibrosis and a poor prognosis. A substantial number of epidemiological studies have been conducted in Europe and the United States (US). In contrast, in Japan, only one study reported the prevalence of IPF (10.

Effects of Lusutrombopag on Post-invasive Procedural Bleeding in Thrombocytopenic Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.

Introduction: Thrombocytopenia can increase the bleeding risk in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) undergoing invasive procedures. Prophylactic platelet transfusion (PT) is often performed to increase platelet counts in patients with CLD undergoing invasive procedures to prevent bleeding. Lusutrombopag, a small-molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonist, is expected to be an alternative therapy to prophylactic PT.

Confocal and multiphoton calcium imaging of the enteric nervous system in anesthetized mice.

Most imaging studies of the enteric nervous system (ENS) that regulates the function of the gastrointestinal tract are so far performed using preparations isolated from animals, thus hindering the understanding of the ENS function in vivo. Here we report a method for imaging the ENS cellular network activity in living mice using a new transgenic mouse line that co-expresses G-CaMP6 and mCherry in the ENS combined with the suction-mediated stabilization of intestinal movements. With confocal or two-photon imaging, our method can visualize spontaneous and pharmacologically-evoked ENS network activity in living animals at cellular and subcellular resolutions, demonstrating the potential usefulness for studies of the ENS function in health and disease.

Topological organization of CA3-to-CA1 excitation.

The CA1-projecting axons of CA3 pyramidal cells, called Schaffer collaterals, constitute one of the major information flow routes in the hippocampal formation. Recent anatomical studies have revealed the non-random structural connectivity between CA3 and CA1, but little is known regarding the functional connectivity (i.e.

Heterogeneous effects of antiepileptic drugs in an in vitro epilepsy model--a functional multineuron calcium imaging study.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterised by recurrent seizures. Many studies of this disease have focused on local neuronal activity, such as local field potentials in the brain. In addition, several recent studies have elucidated the collective behavior of individual neurons in a neuronal network that emits epileptic activity.

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (KIR3) channels play a primary role in the antinociceptive effect of oxycodone, but not morphine, at supraspinal sites.

Background And Purpose: Oxycodone and morphine are μ-opioid receptor agonists prescribed to control moderate-to-severe pain. Previous studies suggested that these opioids exhibit different analgesic profiles. We hypothesized that distinct mechanisms mediate the differential effects of these two opioids and investigated the role of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (K(IR)3 also known as GIRK) channels in their antinociceptive effects.