Endoscopic Shelf Acetabuloplasty Combined With Hip Arthroscopic Labral Repair, Cam Osteoplasty, and Capsular Plication Enables Elite Athletes With Acetabular Dysplasia to Return to Sport: A Case Series.

Objective: To investigate clinical outcomes and return to sport timeline for athletes with acetabular dysplasia after endoscopic shelf acetabuloplasty (ESA).

Design: A retrospective review.

Setting: Wakamatsu Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan between 2012 and 2019.

Early surgical treatment using regional clinical pathways to reduce the length of postoperative hospital stay in hip fracture patients: A retrospective analysis using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.

Hip fracture is a common injury in older adults; however, the optimal timing of surgical treatment remains undetermined in Japan. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to ascertain the rate of early surgery among hip fracture patients and investigate its effectiveness, along with "regional clinical pathways" (patient plan of care devised by Japanese clinicians), in reducing the length of hospital stay (LOS) postoperatively. We hypothesized that performing early surgery along with a regional clinical pathway is effective to reduce the postoperative LOS and complications among hip fracture patients.

Comprehensive gene expression analysis using RNA sequencing between male and female patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome.

Idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy in hand surgery, and it is characterized by Noninflammatory fibrosis of subsynovial connective tissues. The prevalence and incidence differ between male and female individuals, and the mechanism underlying this difference remains largely unclear. In the present study, we collected subsynovial connective tissues from six male and six female patients diagnosed with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome during surgery.

Nitric oxide synthase contributes to the maintenance of LTP in the oxytocin-mRFP1 neuron of the rat hypothalamus.

Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide hormone that plays a critical role in nociception. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a major form of synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. Recently, LTP has been reported in the hypothalamus; however, data on LTP in hypothalamic OXT-ergic neurons are unclear.

Adiponectin inhibits fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis in Dupuytren's contracture in male patients.

Aims: Dupuytren's contracture is characterized by increased fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis, with eventual replacement of the surrounding fatty tissue with palmar fascial fibromatosis. We hypothesized that adipocytokines produced by adipose tissue in contact with the palmar aponeurosis might promote fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis.

Methods: We compared the expression of the adipocytokines adiponectin and leptin in the adipose tissue surrounding the palmar aponeurosis of male patients with Dupuytren's contracture, and of male patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) as the control group.

Decrease in osteoporotic fracture in the western Kitakyushu region by the STOP-Fx study.

Introduction: The Seamless Treatment of Osteoporosis against Fractures (STOP-Fx) study was initiated to provide and continue therapeutic interventions for registered patients with osteoporotic fractures.

Materials And Methods: Women who visited six hospitals in the western Kitakyushu area for osteoporotic fractures between October 2016 and December 2018 were included in the study. Data collection for primary and secondary outcomes was conducted from October 2018 to December 2020, 2 years after STOP-Fx study enrollment.

Delayed cortical bone healing due to impaired nuclear Nrf2 translocation in COPD mice.

The effect of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on bone fracture healing is unknown. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the systemic complications of COPD, and decreased activity of Nrf2 signaling, a central component of the in vivo antioxidant mechanism, has been reported. We investigated the process of cortical bone repair in a mouse model of elastase-induced emphysema by creating a drill hole and focusing on Nrf2 and found that the amount of new bone in the drill hole was reduced and bone formation capacity was decreased in the model mice.

Trabecular Bone Volume Is Reduced, With Deteriorated Microstructure, With Aging in a Rat Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.

We aimed to clarify the effect of aging on trabecular bone volume and trabecular bone microstructure in a rat model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Six rats each of wild type (WT) and DMD model at 15 weeks of age, and 4 rats each at 30 weeks of age, were analyzed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and by micro-CT for analysis of trabecular and cortical bone of the femur. Bone mineral density was significantly lower in the DMD group than in the WT group at both 15 and 30 weeks of age.

Oxidative stress causes muscle structural alterations via p38 MAPK signaling in COPD mouse model.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a complication of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) that negatively affects physical activity and quality of life. However, the underlying mechanism by which COPD affects skeletal muscles remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the association between oxidative stress and structural alterations in muscles in elastase-induced emphysema mouse models.

Upregulation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system and activation of vasopressin neurones attenuates hyperalgesia in a neuropathic pain model rat.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a hypothalamic neurosecretory hormone well known as an antidiuretic, and recently reported to be involved in pain modulation. The expression kinetics of AVP and its potential involvement in the descending pain modulation system (DPMS) in neuropathic pain (NP) remains unclear. We investigated AVP expression and its effects on mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds using a unilateral spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model.

Isolation and Characterization of Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From Patients With Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability: A Comparative Analysis of Synovial Fluid, Adipose Synovium, and Fibrous Synovium of the Ankle Joint.

Background: Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have high proliferative potential and are considered an excellent source for stem cell therapy.

Purposes: To isolate MSCs from the synovium of ankle joints in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) and to compare the characteristics of MSCs derived from the synovium anterior to the talus with those from the surrounding anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) synovium.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Potential of Continuous Local Antibiotic Perfusion Therapy for Fracture-Related Infections.

Introduction: Fracture-related infections (FRIs) are challenging for orthopedic surgeons, as conventional surgical treatment and systemic antimicrobial therapy cannot completely control local infections. Continuous local antibiotic perfusion (CLAP) is a novel and innovative therapy for bone and soft-tissue infections, and is expected to eradicate biofilms by maintaining a sustained high concentration of antimicrobial agents at the infected site. If CLAP therapy can eradicate infection even in cases with implants while preserving the implants, it would be an ideal and effective treatment for local refractory infections.

The rs671 polymorphism is associated with athletic status and muscle strength in a Japanese population.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) catalyses aldehyde species, including alcohol metabolites, mainly in the liver. We recently observed that ALDH2 is also expressed in skeletal muscle mitochondria; thus, we hypothesize that rs671 polymorphism-promoted functional loss of ALDH2 may induce deleterious effects in human skeletal muscle. We aimed to clarify the association of the rs671 polymorphism with muscle phenotypes and athletic capacity in a large Japanese cohort.

Biomechanical comparison of lag screw and non-spiral blade fixation of a novel femoral trochanteric nail in an osteoporotic bone model.

There is no consensus regarding the advantages of the lag screw type over the blade type for treating femoral trochanteric fractures. We aimed to investigate whether non-spiral blade (Conventional-Blade, Fid-Blade) nails provide better biomechanical fixation than lag screws in a severe osteoporotic bone model. Different severities of osteoporotic cancellous bone were modelled using polyurethane foam blocks of three densities (0.

Daily activity relates to not only femoral bone mineral density, but also hip structural analysis parameters: A cross-sectional observational study.

Objectives: Physical activity to maintain bone mass and strength is important for hip fracture prevention. We aim to investigate the relationship between physical performance/activity status and bone mineral density (BMD)/hip structural analysis (HSA) parameters among postmenopausal women in Japan.

Methods: Sixty-two postmenopausal women diagnosed with osteoporosis (mean age: 72.

Comparison of gender differences in health-related quality of life between patients with hand disease and those with other musculoskeletal disorders of the knee and lumbar spine.

Background: Musculoskeletal diseases are a major public health concern among older adults. There has been an increase in the number of studies on pain between men and women, such as knee and lumbar pain. However, there is a dearth of research on pain between men and women in hand disease.

Bone microstructure changes due to once-/twice-weekly teriparatide administration: A report of five cases using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography.

This study was conducted with the aim of presenting cases in which high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) was used to investigate changes in the bone microstructure due to once-weekly/twice-weekly administration of teriparatide (TPTD). Of osteoporosis patients who participated in a non-inferiority trial (TWICE study: once-weekly vs twice-weekly TPTD) with lumbar bone mineral density as the primary endpoint, five cases scanned by HR-pQCT before TPTD administration were analysed. Two cases were given once-weekly TPTD, three were given twice-weekly TPD, and HR-pQCT was repeated after 48 weeks.

Endoscopic Shelf Acetabuloplasty Concomitant With Labral Repair, Cam Osteoplasty, and Capsular Plication to Treat Acetabular Dysplasia in Artistic Athletes: A Case Series.

Background: Knowledge of clinical outcomes and return to artistic activities after endoscopic shelf acetabuloplasty (ESA) for acetabular dysplasia in artistic athletes is lacking.

Hypothesis: Hip arthroscopic surgery including ESA will enable artistic athletes to return to their activities with a high success rate, significantly improved acetabular coverage, and preserved joint cartilage.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

An improved macromolecular crowding sensor CRONOS for detection of crowding changes in membrane-less organelles under stressed conditions.

Membrane-less organelles (MLOs) formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) play pivotal roles in biological processes. During LLPS, proteins and nucleotides are extremely condensed, resulting in changes in their conformation and biological functions. Disturbed LLPS homeostasis in MLOs is thought to associate with fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Effect of metformin treatment and its time of administration on joint capsular fibrosis induced by mouse knee immobilization.

Joint contracture leads to major patient discomfort. Metformin, one of the most extensively used oral drugs against type 2 diabetes has recently been found to suppress tissue fibrosis as well. However, its role in suppressing tissue fibrosis in joint contractures remains unknown.

Phase separation and toxicity of C9orf72 poly(PR) depends on alternate distribution of arginine.

Arg (R)-rich dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs; poly(PR): Pro-Arg and poly(GR): Gly-Arg), encoded by a hexanucleotide expansion in the C9ORF72 gene, induce neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although R-rich DPRs undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), which affects multiple biological processes, mechanisms underlying LLPS of DPRs remain elusive. Here, using in silico, in vitro, and in cellulo methods, we determined that the distribution of charged Arg residues regulates the complex coacervation with anionic peptides and nucleic acids.