Modulatory effects of bisphenol A on the hepatic immune response.

The liver is a primary line of defense for protection from external substances next to the intestinal barrier. As a result, the hepatic immune system plays a central role in liver pathophysiology. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most common endocrine disrupting chemicals and is primarily metabolized in the liver.

Identification of Novel Parishin Compounds from the Twig of and Comparative Analysis of Parishin Derivatives in Different Parts.

Parishin compounds are rare polyphenolic glucosides mainly found in the rhizome of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, . These constituents are reported to have several biological and pharmacological activities. In the present study, two novel parishin derivatives not previously reported as plant-based phytochemicals were identified from a twig of (MT) and two new compounds were elucidated as 1-(4-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methylpentane-1,5-dioate (named macluraparishin E) and 1,3-bis(4-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)benzyl)-3-hydroxy-3-methylpentane- 1,5-dioate (macluraparishin C), based on the experimental data obtained by UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

The Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Unusual Keto-Carotenoids in Ripe Fruits of and Its Potential as a Valuable Source of Cryptocapsin.

Ripe fruits of (MT) are used as food material and a natural colorant in Korea. Although MT fruits have a deep red color due to carotenoid-like pigments, their chemical nature has not been explored in detail so far. The present study aimed at elucidating the chemical structures and composition of carotenoids in MT fruits and changes at different maturity stages.

Gut Microbiome in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Role.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a significant health threat globally, and has attracted growing concern in the research field of liver diseases. NAFLD comprises multifarious fatty degenerative disorders in the liver, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. The fundamental pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex and multifactor-driven.

The as a Probiotic: Focusing on Liver Diseases.

Over the past decade, scientific evidence for the properties, functions, and beneficial effects of probiotics for humans has continued to accumulate. Interest in the use of probiotics for humans has increased tremendously. Among various microorganisms, probiotics using bacteria have been widely studied and commercialized, and, among them, is representative.

T Cell Subsets and Natural Killer Cells in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition characterized by hepatic accumulation of excess lipids. T cells are commonly classified into various subsets based on their surface markers including T cell receptors, type of antigen presentation and pathophysiological functions. Several studies have implicated various T cell subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in the progression of NAFLD.

Gut Microbiota-Related Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in the Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common and increasing liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is a term that involves a variety of conditions such as fatty liver, steatohepatitis, or fibrosis. Gut microbiota and its products have been extensively studied because of a close relation between NAFLD and microbiota in pathogenesis.

Production of Minor Ginsenosides C-K and C-Y from Naturally Occurring Major Ginsenosides Using Crude β-Glucosidase Preparation from Submerged Culture of .

Minor ginsenosides, such as compounds (C)-K and C-Y, possess relatively better bioactivity than those of naturally occurring major ginsenosides. Therefore, this study focused on the biotransformation of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides using crude β-glucosidase preparation isolated from submerged liquid culture of (FFEP). FFEP was prepared by ammonium sulfate (30-80%) precipitation from submerged culture of .

The Gut Microbiota-Derived Immune Response in Chronic Liver Disease.

In chronic liver disease, the causative factor is important; however, recently, the intestinal microbiome has been associated with the progression of chronic liver disease and the occurrence of side effects. The immune system is affected by the metabolites of the microbiome, and diet is the primary regulator of the microbiota composition and function in the gut-liver axis. These metabolites can be used as therapeutic material, and postbiotics, in the future, can increase or decrease human immunity by modulating inflammation and immune reactions.

Pathophysiological Roles of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in the Context of Gut Microbiota-Liver Axis.

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes expressing a semi-invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) present as TCR α7.2-α33 in humans and TCR α19-α33 in mice. They are activated by ligands produced during microbial biosynthesis of riboflavin that is presented by major histocompatibility complex class I-related (MR1) molecules on antigen-presenting cells.

Recent Advances of Microbiome-Associated Metabolomics Profiling in Liver Disease: Principles, Mechanisms, and Applications.

Advances in high-throughput screening of metabolic stability in liver and gut microbiota are able to identify and quantify small-molecule metabolites (metabolome) in different cellular microenvironments that are closest to their phenotypes. Metagenomics and metabolomics are largely recognized to be the "-omics" disciplines for clinical therapeutic screening. Here, metabolomics activity screening in liver disease (LD) and gut microbiomes has significantly delivered the integration of metabolomics data (i.

Nutritional Status and Diet Style Affect Cognitive Function in Alcoholic Liver Disease.

Malnutrition and cognitive dysfunction are typical features of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and are correlated with the development of complications. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of nutritional state and diet on cognitive function in ALD. A total of 43 patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis were enrolled, and a neuropsychological test was assessed according to body mass index (BMI, <22 and ≥22).

Isolation and Characterization of Probiotic LAB from Kimchi and Spontaneously Fermented Teff ( (Zucc.) Trotter) Batter: Their Effects on Phenolic Content of Teff during Fermentation.

Microbial fermentation is proven to induce molecular transformations and produce bioactive compounds thereby enhancing sensory and nutritional quality of flour-based fermented foods. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from Korean kimchi and Ethiopian fermented teff ( (Zucc.) Trotter) flour batter.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Steam-Distilled Essential Oil and Glycosidically Bound Volatiles from Fruit.

Essential oil obtained from fruit has been reported to have functional properties. This study aimed at determining chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of steam-distilled essential oil (SDEO) and glycosidically bound aglycone fraction (GBAF) isolated from fully ripe . fruit.

Variations in Amino Acid and Protein Profiles in White versus Brown Teff () Seeds, and Effect of Extraction Methods on Protein Yields.

Data on variations in amino acid compositions and protein profiles among white and brown teff, a grain of growing interest, is either limited or contradicting at the moment. In this study, three white (Addis-W, Mekel-W and Debre-W) and three brown (Addis-B, Mekel-B and Debre-B) teff seed samples were used for whole flour amino acid analysis and protein fractionation with three different methods. White and brown seed types showed different physical changes during protein extraction.

Changes of Phytochemical Components (Urushiols, Polyphenols, Gallotannins) and Antioxidant Capacity during ⁻Mediated Fermentation of Bark.

The stem bark of (TVSB) has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine and food ingredients in Korea. However, its application has been restricted due to its potential to cause allergies. Moreover, there is limited data available on the qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of its phytochemicals during fermentation.

Effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker on bones in mice with type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin.

Introduction: This study was performed to address the pathological roles of the skeletal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in type 1 diabetes-induced osteoporosis and the effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan on bones in diabetic mice.

Materials And Methods: Bone histomorphology was detected by H&E staining, Safranin O staining and X-ray radiography. Micro-CT was performed for the analysis of bone parameters.

Early molecular responses of bone to obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice.

Aim: This study was performed to address the bone injury and the early molecular responses of bone to obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice.

Methods: The male mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO, n = 10) or sham operation (n = 10). All mice were killed on day 7 after the surgical operation.