Does globalization in Turkey induce increased energy consumption: insights into its environmental pros and cons.

Globalization is the paradigm shift to a more integrated world economy broadly shaping economies and societies around the globe. The wave of globalization is much more eminent on its impact on increased energy demand, knowledge and technology transfer, trade, and financial capital flows. The present study focuses on Turkey, a fast-emerging economy that is no exception to the wave of globalization.

Empirical investigation of relationships between energy consumption, industrial production, CO2 emissions, and economic growth: the case of small island states.

This study explores the long-run equilibrium relationship between CO2 emissions, economic growth, and industrial production. In parallel, the energy-led growth hypothesis has been investigated for a selected group of 23 small island states globally chosen from different continents. Data used in the analysis covers the period 1977-2017 on an annual basis and is retrieved from the World Bank open data and national statistical authorities.