AI in radiology: From promise to practice - A guide to effective integration.

While Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform the field of diagnostic radiology, important obstacles still inhibit its integration into clinical environments. Foremost among them is the inability to integrate clinical information and prior and concurrent imaging examinations, which can lead to diagnostic errors that could irreversibly alter patient care. For AI to succeed in modern clinical practice, model training and algorithm development need to account for relevant background information that may influence the presentation of the patient in question.

Effect of Antibiotic Administration Before Joint Aspiration on Synovial Fluid White Blood Cell Count in Native Joint Septic Arthritis.

Background: This study was performed to assess the impact of preaspiration antibiotics on synovial fluid analysis and timing of operative treatment in native-joint septic arthritis.

Methods: We performed a retrospective record review of adult patients from an urban level 1 trauma center with native joint septic arthritis in 2015-2019, identified by means of codes from the ( and ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether antibiotics were associated with lower synovial fluid white blood cell counts (WBCs), the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMNs), and rate of culture positivity.

Resuscitation of traumatic maternal cardiac arrest: A case report and summary of recommendations from Obstetric Life Support™.

Traumatic maternal cardiac arrest (MCA) is a challenging scenario for the healthcare team. Expanding the focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) and modifying cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is necessary. Critical components in the resuscitation of reproductive-age women with traumatic cardiac arrest are highlighted using recommendations from Obstetric Life Support™.

SGC-CAMKK2-1: A Chemical Probe for CAMKK2.

The serine/threonine protein kinase calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) plays critical roles in a range of biological processes. Despite its importance, only a handful of inhibitors of CAMKK2 have been disclosed. Having a selective small molecule tool to interrogate this kinase will help demonstrate that CAMKK2 inhibition can be therapeutically beneficial.

Climate Change and Wetlands in the Southern Great Plains: How Are Managers Dealing with an Uncertain Future?

Little guidance is available to assist wetland managers in developing climate adaptation plans. To facilitate development of recommendations for adaptation strategies, it is essential to first determine if or how wetland managers are addressing these challenges. We used an online survey to solicit feedback from wetland managers and biologists in the Southern Great Plains of North America to gain information on perceptions of wetland managers regarding climate change; assess how the effects of climate change are being addressed through management; and identify barriers to implementing climate change adaptation.

Methodology for measuring oxidative capacity of isolated peroxisomes in the Seahorse assay.

The regulation of cellular energetics is a complex process that requires the coordinated function of multiple organelles. Historically, studies focused on understanding cellular energy utilization and production have been overwhelmingly concentrated on the mitochondria. While mitochondria account for the majority of intracellular energy production, they alone are incapable of maintaining the variable energetic demands of the cell.

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 regulates hepatic fuel metabolism.

Objective: The liver is the primary internal metabolic organ that coordinates whole body energy homeostasis in response to feeding and fasting. Genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) has been shown to significantly improve hepatic health and peripheral insulin sensitivity upon overnutrition with high fat diet. However, the precise molecular underpinnings that explain this metabolic protection have remained largely undefined.

Myocardial Rev-erb-Mediated Diurnal Metabolic Rhythm and Obesity Paradox.

Background: The nuclear receptor Rev-erbα/β, a key component of the circadian clock, emerges as a drug target for heart diseases, but the function of cardiac Rev-erb has not been studied in vivo. Circadian disruption is implicated in heart diseases, but it is unknown whether cardiac molecular clock dysfunction is associated with the progression of any naturally occurring human heart diseases. Obesity paradox refers to the seemingly protective role of obesity for heart failure, but the mechanism is unclear.

Bridging Health and Temporary Housing Services for Medicaid Members Experiencing Homelessness: Program Impact on Health Care Utilization, Costs, and Well-being.

This study assesses the effect of participation in a temporary housing program on health care utilization, health services cost, and overall well-being for Medicaid members experiencing homelessness. Medicaid administrative claims were used in difference-in-differences analyses to compare utilization and cost of participants with those of individuals on a waiting list for the program (non-participants). Surveys were used to assess changes in well-being of participants from program entry to exit.

Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (Lag3) Contributes to α-Synucleinopathy in α-Synuclein Transgenic Mice.

Aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein (α-syn) is the major component of Lewy bodies and neurites in Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α-synucleinopathies. Some α-syn mutations (e.g.

Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3/AIB1) is enriched and functional in mouse and human Tregs.

A subset of CD4 + lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs), are necessary for central tolerance and function as suppressors of autoimmunity against self-antigens. The SRC-3 coactivator is an oncogene in multiple cancers and is capable of potentiating numerous transcription factors in a wide variety of cell types. Src-3 knockout mice display broad lymphoproliferation and hypersensitivity to systemic inflammation.

XBP1 links the 12-hour clock to NAFLD and regulation of membrane fluidity and lipid homeostasis.

A distinct 12-hour clock exists in addition to the 24-hour circadian clock to coordinate metabolic and stress rhythms. Here, we show that liver-specific ablation of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) disrupts the hepatic 12-hour clock and promotes spontaneous non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We show that hepatic XBP1 predominantly regulates the 12-hour rhythmicity of gene transcription in the mouse liver and demonstrate that perturbation of the 12-hour clock, but not the core circadian clock, is associated with the onset and progression of this NAFLD phenotype.

Is there enough water? How bearish and bullish outlooks are linked to decision maker perspectives on environmental flows.

Policies that mandate environmental flows (e-flows) can be powerful tools for freshwater conservation, but implementation of these policies faces many hurdles. To better understand these challenges, we explored two key questions: (1) What additional data are needed to implement e-flows? and (2) What are the major socio-political barriers to implementing e-flows? We surveyed water and natural resource decision makers in the semi-arid Red River basin, Texas-Oklahoma, USA, and used social network analysis to analyze their communication patterns. Most respondents agreed that e-flows can provide important benefits and identified the same data needs.

A steroid receptor coactivator stimulator (MCB-613) attenuates adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction.

Progressive remodeling of the heart, resulting in cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and increased inflammation, fibrosis, and a progressive decrease in cardiac function, are hallmarks of myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure. We show that MCB-613, a potent small molecule stimulator of steroid receptor coactivators (SRCs) attenuates pathological remodeling post-MI. MCB-613 decreases infarct size, apoptosis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis while maintaining significant cardiac function.

A consecutive case series of defects reconstructed using NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporising Matrix: Initial experience and early results.

Background: NovoSorb Biodegradable Temporising Matrix (BTM) is a synthetic dermal template recently approved for treatment of full thickness defects of the skin. It requires a two-stage reconstruction where it is initially placed into a defect to generate a neodermis, which is later covered by a split skin graft. It has previously been described for the treatment of acute full thickness burn injury, necrotising fasciitis and free flap donor site reconstruction.

12-h clock regulation of genetic information flow by XBP1s.

Our group recently characterized a cell-autonomous mammalian 12-h clock independent from the circadian clock, but its function and mechanism of regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in mouse liver, transcriptional regulation significantly contributes to the establishment of 12-h rhythms of mRNA expression in a manner dependent on Spliced Form of X-box Binding Protein 1 (XBP1s). Mechanistically, the motif stringency of XBP1s promoter binding sites dictates XBP1s's ability to drive 12-h rhythms of nascent mRNA transcription at dawn and dusk, which are enriched for basal transcription regulation, mRNA processing and export, ribosome biogenesis, translation initiation, and protein processing/sorting in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-Golgi in a temporal order consistent with the progressive molecular processing sequence described by the central dogma information flow (CEDIF).

Farming for Life: Pilot assessment of the impact of medical prescriptions for vegetables on health and food security among Latino adults with type 2 diabetes.

Background: In the United States, Latino families have a disproportionate burden of diabetes and associated complications.

Aim: This pilot study assessed the feasibility of using medical prescriptions of organic vegetables to improve health outcomes among Latinos with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Latino participants ( = 21, 91% female, age 56 ± 11.

Interpersonal Violence and Maxillofacial Fractures.

Purpose: Accident Compensation Corporation statistics shows that maxillofacial fracture affects 11,000 people with an approximate $90 million annual cost in New Zealand dollars (NZD). Previous studies have demonstrated interpersonal violence (IPV), road traffic accidents (RTAs), sports injury, and falls being the common causes of maxillofacial fracture. This study investigated the causes and associated alcohol and/or drug use and fracture patterns in patients presenting with maxillofacial fractures in the Wellington region.

Oral Health and Cancer.

Purpose Of Review: Recently published studies have provided new evidence for a role of oral health on risk of cancer. This review summarizes the latest research on this topic, including several new cohort studies that have examined associations on periodontal disease and cancer risk.

Recent Findings: The most consistent findings for associations with periodontal disease have been observed for lung cancer; five out of seven studies have reported statistically significant increases in risk of lung cancer.

CaMKK2 in myeloid cells is a key regulator of the immune-suppressive microenvironment in breast cancer.

Tumor-associated myeloid cells regulate tumor growth and metastasis, and their accumulation is a negative prognostic factor for breast cancer. Here we find calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK2) to be highly expressed within intratumoral myeloid cells in mouse models of breast cancer, and demonstrate that its inhibition within myeloid cells suppresses tumor growth by increasing intratumoral accumulation of effector CD8 T cells and immune-stimulatory myeloid subsets. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from Camkk2 mice expressed higher levels of chemokines involved in the recruitment of effector T cells compared to WT.

A novel mathematical method for disclosing oscillations in gene transcription: A comparative study.

Unlabelled: Circadian rhythmicity, the 24-hour cycle responsive to light and dark, is determined by periodic oscillations in gene transcription. This phenomenon has broad ramifications in physiologic function. Recent work has disclosed more cycles in gene transcription, and to the uncovering of these we apply a novel signal processing methodology known as the pencil method and compare it to conventional parametric, nonparametric, and statistical methods.

miR-30a Remodels Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Inflammation to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity.

Chronic inflammation accompanies obesity and limits subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) expandability, accelerating the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) influence expression of many metabolic genes in fat cells, but physiological roles in WAT remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that expression of the miRNA in subcutaneous WAT corresponds with insulin sensitivity in obese mice and humans.

Correction: SRC-2-mediated coactivation of anti-tumorigenic target genes suppresses MYC-induced liver cancer.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.