Role of intraoperative oliguria in risk stratification for postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing colorectal surgery with an enhanced recovery protocol: A propensity score matching analysis.

Background: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for colorectal cancer resection recommends balanced perioperative fluid therapy. According to recent guidelines, zero-balance fluid therapy is recommended in low-risk patients, and immediate correction of low urine output during surgery is discouraged. However, several reports have indicated an association of intraoperative oliguria with postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI).

XAV939, a Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulator, has inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory response.

In this study, we report the anti-inflammatory activity of XAV939, a modulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. WNT/β-catenin pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway were examined in LPS-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells and effects of XAV939 on these pathways were analyzed. The effect of XAV939 was confirmed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Gangjihwan, a polyherbal composition, inhibits fat accumulation through the modulation of lipogenic transcription factors SREBP1C, PPARγ and C/EBPα.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Gangjihwan (DF) which is composed of Ephedra intermedia, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Rheum palmatum has been used for the treatment of obesity in traditional medical clinics in Korea.

Aim Of The Study: This study was conducted to standardize DF and elucidate its mechanism of action for inhibiting fat accumulation in adipocytes and adipose tissues.

Materials And Methods: The herbal ingredients of DF were extracted in water, 30% ethanol or 70% ethanol and freeze-dried followed by HPLC analyses.

Berberine activates AMPK to suppress proteolytic processing, nuclear translocation and target DNA binding of SREBP-1c in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)‑1c are major therapeutic targets in the treatment of metabolic diseases. In the present study, the fat‑reducing mechanisms of berberine (BBR), a natural isoquinoline, was investigated by examining the AMPK‑mediated modulation of SREBP‑1c in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. BBR activated AMPK in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, and increased the phosphorylation of the 125‑kDa precursor form of SREBP‑1c, which suppressed its proteolytic processing into the mature 68‑kDa form and its subsequent nuclear translocation.

WNT/β-catenin pathway modulates the TNF-α-induced inflammatory response in bronchial epithelial cells.

In this study, TNF-α was found to activate the WNT/β-catenin pathway in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Levels of phospho-LRP6, Dvl-2, and phospho-GSK-3β were elevated, while that of Axin was reduced by TNF-α treatment. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the reporter activity of a β-catenin-responsive promoter were increased by TNF-α treatment.

LPS-induced inflammatory response is suppressed by Wnt inhibitors, Dickkopf-1 and LGK974.

In this study, LPS-induced inflammatory responses in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)s were found to be prevented by Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), a secreted Wnt antagonist, and LGK974, a small molecular inhibitor of the Wnt secretion. LPS-induced IκB degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation as well as the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes including IL-6, IL-8, TNF- α, IL-1β, MCP-1, MMP-9, COX-2 and iNOS, were all suppressed by DKK-1 and LGK974 in a dose-dependent manner. The suppressive effects of LGK974 on NF-κB, IκB, and pro-inflammatory gene expression were rescued by ectopic expression of β-catenin, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory activity of LGK974 is mediated by modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and not by unrelated side effects.

Mammary duct ectasia with bloody nipple discharge in a child.

Mammary duct ectasia is a rare disease in children and often presents as a cystic mass with bloody nipple discharge. The pathophysiology of mammary duct ectasia is unclear, and the differential diagnosis of other cystic masses with hemorrhage, such as complicated lymphangioma, is necessary. Here, we report a 14-month-old boy who exhibited unilateral mammary duct ectasia with bloody nipple discharge that was treated with surgical excision.