Sensitivity, Specificity, and Cutoff Identifying Optic Atrophy by Macular Ganglion Cell Layer Volume in Syndromic Craniosynostosis.

Purpose: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff of macular ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume consistent with optic atrophy in children with syndromic craniosynostosis and to investigate factors independently associated with reduction in GCL volume.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Participants: Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis evaluated at Boston Children's Hospital (2010-2022) with reliable macular OCT scans.

Two siblings with GAPO syndrome: Ophthalmic presentation and histopathologic findings.

Background: GAPO syndrome (growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, optic atrophy) is a rare, autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder with only 60 reported cases. Ophthalmic manifestations vary and include hypertelorism, optic atrophy, and glaucoma. There have been three reported cases of GAPO syndrome with craniosynostosis.

Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Optic Nerve Function in Patients With Craniosynostosis and Recurrent Intracranial Hypertension.

Purpose: Assessment of combined impact of intracranial hypertension (ICH) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on optic nerve function in children with craniosynostosis (CS).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Patients treated at Boston Children's Hospital for CS who had an ophthalmic examination that included pattern reversal (pr)VEP (2013-2014) and history of ICH based on direct measurement, papilledema, or classic features on neuroimaging and during cranial vault expansion were included.

Patient Characteristics and Surgical Approach Impacting Simultaneous to Alternate Prism Cover Test Disparity After Exotropia Surgery: A Quantitative Look at the Difference in Motor Outcomes.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between simultaneous prism and cover test (SPCT) and alternate prism and cover test (APCT) outcomes after exotropia surgery, and to identify characteristics associated with significant disparity between them.

Methods: Review of sensorimotor outcomes 2 to 6 months after exotropia surgery identified patients with alignment documented by both SPCT and APCT at the same examination. Two hundred seventy-four and 319 patients had both measurements recorded at distance and near, respectively.

Goal-determined metrics to assess outcomes of exotropia surgery.

Purpose: To present a goal-determined methodology for monitoring outcomes after surgery for exotropia.

Methods: The goal-determined metric required surgeons to rank four possible goals preoperatively: (1) binocular potential, (2) restoration of eye contact, (3) diplopia control; and (4) torticollis management. Potential preoperative risk factors were noted.

Outcome study of two standard and graduated augmented modified Kestenbaum surgery protocols for abnormal head postures in infantile nystagmus.

Background And Purpose: Since Kestenbaum and Anderson, several ophthalmologists have reported the results of different surgical procedures, for abnormal head posture in infantile nystagmus. In this study, we tried to evaluate the surgical results of Parks' original 5-6-7-8 mm modified Kestenbaum procedure and our own 6-7-6-7 mm modified Kestenbaum procedure, designed to reduce some of the problems encountered with other variations of these techniques.

Methods: Medical records of 92 patients, who had modified Kestenbaum surgery (5-6-7-8 mm or 6-7-6-7 mm) at The Yonsei Medical Center, from March 1991 to September 2001 with a follow-up period of more than 6 months, were reviewed retrospectively.

Enhanced stereocomplex formation of poly(L-lactic acid) and poly(D-lactic acid) in the presence of stereoblock poly(lactic acid).

Stereoblock poly(lactic acid) (sb-PLA) is incorporated into a 1:1 polymer blend system of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) that has a high molecular weight to study its addition effect on the stereocomplex (sc) formation of PLLA and PDLA. The ternary polymer blend films are first prepared by casting polymer solutions of sb-PLA, PLLA, and PDLA with different compositions. Upon increasing the content of sb-PLA in the blend films the sc crystallization is driven to a higher degree, while the formation of homo-chiral (hc) crystals is decreased.

Full tendon transposition augmented with posterior intermuscular suture and recession--resection surgery.

Purpose: To report an effect of the full tendon transposition augmented with posterior intermuscular suture and recession-resection surgery, for the patient with monocular elevation deficiency (MED) and large exotropia.

Methods: Interventional case report. Full tendon transposition augmented with posterior intermuscular suture and recession-resection surgery was performed for a 26-year-old male patient had monocular elevation deficiency (MED) and large exotropia.

Intraoperative adjustment in strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia.

We evaluated the one-stage intraoperative adjustment strabismus surgery with adjustable suture under topical anesthesia. Medical records of the patients who had intraoperative adjustment surgery under topical anesthesia for horizontal or vertical strabismus in our hospital from March 1997 to March 2003 with follow-up of 6 months were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 71 patients, 48 patients had exotropia, 16 had esotropia, and 7 had hyper- or hypotropia.

Calcium uptake and release through sarcoplasmic reticulum in the inferior oblique muscles of patients with inferior oblique overaction.

We characterized and compared the characteristics of Ca2+ movements through the sarcoplasmic reticulum of inferior oblique muscles in the various conditions including primary inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), secondary IOOA, and controls, so as to further understand the pathogenesis of primary IOOA. Of 15 specimens obtained through inferior oblique myectomy, six were from primary IOOA, 6 from secondary IOOA, and the remaining 3 were controls from enucleated eyes. Ryanodine binding assays were performed, and Ca2+ uptake rates, calsequestrins and SERCA levels were determined.

Changes in corneal and conjunctival sensitivity, tear film stability, and tear secretion after strabismus surgery.

Purpose: Some patients complain of a foreign body sensation, a burning sensation, or dryness after strabismus surgery. We prospectively investigated the changes in corneal and conjunctival sensitivity, tear film stability, and tear secretion after strabismus surgery.

Patients And Methods: Corneal and conjunctival sensitivity were assessed with an esthesiometer, tear film breakup time was measured, and the Schirmer test was performed prospectively (preoperatively and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively) in 83 patients (124 eyes) who underwent strabismus surgery at our institution.

The effects of interocular differences in retinal illuminance on vision and binocularity.

Background: It is known that binocular function is affected by interocular differences in retinal image size, shape, clarity, and illumination. The present study was performed to systematically examine the effects of interocular differences in retinal illuminance on monocular visual acuity, fusion, and stereopsis.

Methods: Fifty adults with normal binocularity and a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better were enrolled.

Anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle for a snapped inferior rectus muscle following functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

A 55-year-old woman was referred with a 4-month history of diplopia following functional endoscopic ethmoidectomy for chronic sinusitis. She had right hypertropia of 14 prism diopters in the primary position that increased to 30 prism diopters in down gaze. Her right eye showed a moderate limitation of motion in down gaze.

Effect of full tendon transposition augmented with posterior intermuscular suture for paralytic strabismus.

Purpose: To evaluate the results of the full rectus muscle transposition augmented with a posterior intermuscular suture for paralytic strabismus.

Design: Single-center, retrospective, interventional case series.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records from November 1994 to September 2004 of 16 patients who underwent the full tendon transposition that was augmented with posterior intermuscular suture for paralytic strabismus.

Three cases of Waardenburg syndrome type 2 in a Korean family.

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss, pigmentary disturbances of the skin, hair, and iris, and other developmental defects such as lateral displacement of both medial canthi and lacrimal puncta called dystopia canthorum. While mutations of the PAX3 (paired box) gene have been identified in about 99% of WS type 1 cases, WS type 2 is a heterogeneous group, with about 15% of cases caused by mutations in microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). We have experienced three cases of typical WS type 2 in a Korean family, for whom full ocular examination and genetic studies were performed.

Anterior transposition of inferior oblique muscle for treatment of unilateral superior oblique muscle palsy with inferior oblique muscle overaction.

Although many weakening procedures for the inferior oblique muscle have been advocated, there is some controversy as to the most beneficial procedure for weakening overacting inferior oblique muscles. This study was undertaken to determine if unilateral anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle alone could be a safe and effective procedure for treating unilateral superior oblique palsy from the perspective of hypertropia, inferior oblique overaction, and abnormal head posture. The records of 33 patients, who underwent anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle for unilateral superior oblique palsy at our institution between Jan 1995 and Dec 2002, were retrospectively reviewed.