A Novel Strategy to Overcome the Hurdle for Commercial All-Solid-State Batteries via Low-Cost Synthesis of Sulfide Solid Electrolytes.

Unlike commercial lithium-ion batteries, the high cost and low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes (SEs) continues to be a big hurdle in commercially available all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Rather than the conventional dry-process and high-energy ball milling processes, the productive solution synthesis of bulk-type SEs is the most crucial issue in the successful application of high-energy-density ASSBs. In this study, the way is paved to overcome the hurdle for commercial lithium phosphorus sulfide chloride (LPSCl) SEs via a readily processable bulk-type solution-based synthesis without acquiring any high-energy ball-milling processes.

Vertically Aligned Binder-Free TiO Nanotube Arrays Doped with Fe, S and Fe-S for Li-ion Batteries.

Vertically aligned Fe, S, and Fe-S doped anatase TiO nanotube arrays are prepared by an electrochemical anodization process using an organic electrolyte in which lactic acid is added as an additive. In the electrolyte, highly ordered TiO nanotube layers with greater thickness of 12 μm, inner diameter of approx. 90 nm and outer diameter of approx.

In Situ Formed Ag-Li Intermetallic Layer for Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

With the timely advent of the electric vehicle era, where battery stability has emerged as a major issue, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have attracted significant attention as the game changer owing to their high stability. However, despite the introduction of a densely packed solid electrolyte (SE) layer, when Li is used to increase the energy density of the cell, the short-circuit problem caused by Li protrusion is unavoidable. Furthermore, most strategies to control nonuniform Li growth are so complicated that they hinder the practical application of ASSBs.

Facile fabrication of solution-processed solid-electrolytes for high-energy-density all-solid-state-batteries by enhanced interfacial contact.

Instead of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using organic liquid electrolytes, all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSBs) employing solid electrolytes (SEs) are promising for applications in high-energy-density power applications and electric vehicles due to their potential for improving safety and achieving high capacity. Although remarkable progress in SEs has been achieved and has resulted in high ionic conductivity, which now reaches values comparable to those of liquid electrolytes, the typical use of a slurry process for the fabrication of conventional ASSBs inevitably causes harmful reactions between sulfide materials and polar solvents. Here, we studied the efficient infiltration process of SE slurry into conventional composite LIB electrodes (NCM622) for achieving high-energy-density ASSBs via a scalable solution-based fabrication process.

Graphitic Hollow Nanocarbon as a Promising Conducting Agent for Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have lately received enormous attention for electric vehicle applications because of their exceptional stability by engaging all-solidified cell components. However, there are many formidable hurdles such as low ionic conductivity, interface instability, and difficulty in the manufacturing process, for its practical use. Recently, carbon, one of the representative conducting agents, turns out to largely participate in side reactions with the solid electrolyte, which finally leads to the formation of insulating side products at the interface.

Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on Ti surfaces with electrochemical nanopattern formation.

Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are mainly used for dental and orthopedic applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, their intrinsic bioinertness often quotes as a common complaint for biomedical applications. Herein, we produced nanopattern Ti surfaces with 10 nm nanopores in 120 nm dimples by electrochemical nanopattern formation (ENF), and evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the nanopattern Ti surfaces.

LiI-Doped Sulfide Solid Electrolyte: Enabling a High-Capacity Slurry-Cast Electrode by Low-Temperature Post-Sintering for Practical All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) based on sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) have received great attention because of the high ionic conductivity of the SEs, intrinsic thermal safety, and higher energy density achievable with a Li metal anode. However, studies on practical slurry-cast composite electrodes show an extremely limited battery performance than the binder-free pelletized electrodes because of the poor interfacial robustness between the active materials and SEs by the presence of a polymeric binder. Here, we employ a low-temperature post-sintering process for the slurry-cast composite electrodes in order to overcome the binder-induced detrimental effects on the electrochemical performance.

Production of Oxidation-Resistant Cu-Based Nanoparticles by Wire Explosion.

The low performance or high cost of commercially available conductive inks limits the advancement of printed electronics. This article studies the explosion of metal wires in aqueous solutions as a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method to prepare metallic nanoparticles consisting of Cu and Cu alloys for use in affordable, highly conductive inks. Addition of 0.

Real-time visualization of diffusion-controlled nanowire growth in solution.

This Letter shows that copper nanowires grow through the diffusion-controlled reduction of dihydroxycopper(I), Cu(OH)2(-). A combination of potentiostatic coulometry, UV-visible spectroscopy, and thermodynamic calculations was used to determine the species adding to growing Cu nanowires is Cu(OH)2(-). Cyclic voltammetry was then used to measure the diffusion coefficient of Cu(OH)2(-) in the reaction solution.

The role of cuprous oxide seeds in the one-pot and seeded syntheses of copper nanowires.

This paper demonstrates that Cu2O nanoparticles form in the early stages of a solution-phase synthesis of copper nanowires, and aggregate to form the seeds from which copper nanowires grow. Removal of ethylenediamine from the synthesis leads to the rapid formation of Cu2O octahedra. These octahedra are introduced as seeds in the same copper nanowire synthesis to improve the yield of copper nanowires from 12% to >55%, and to enable independent control over the length of the nanowires.

A rapid synthesis of high aspect ratio copper nanowires for high-performance transparent conducting films.

This communication presents a way to produce copper nanowires with aspect ratios as high as 5700 in 30 min, and describes the growth processes responsible for their formation. These nanowires were used to make transparent conducting films with a transmittance >95% at a sheet resistance <100 Ω sq(-1).

Extended self-ordering regime in hard anodization and its application to make asymmetric AAO membranes for large pitch-distance nanostructures.

We report here a fast and reliable hard anodization process to make asymmetric anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes which can serve as a template for large pitch-distance nanostructures. In order to make larger pitch distances possible, the common burning failure associated with the high current density during the conventional constant voltage hard anodization, especially at a voltage higher than a known limit, i.e.

Pathogenesis and Chronologic Localization of the Human Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Cotton Rats.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the pathogenesis and chronologic localization of human influenza A (H1N1) virus in experimentally infected cotton rats.

Methods: The animals were intranasally inoculated with 10(7) plaque-forming units of A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1) influenza virus and evaluated for pathogenicity for a period of 28 days. Virus replication kinetics and pathological properties were assessed chronologically.

Replication and pathogenesis of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in mammalian models.

This study aimed to characterize the replication and pathogenic properties of a Korean pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus isolate in ferrets and mice. Ferrets infected with A/Korea/01/2009 (H1N1) virus showed mild clinical signs. The virus replicated well in lungs and slightly in brains with no replication in any other organs.

Toxicity and clearance of intratracheally administered multiwalled carbon nanotubes from murine lung.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are known to have widespread industrial applications; however, several reports indicated that these compounds may be associated with adverse effects in humans. In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were administered to murine lungs intratracheally to determine whether acute and chronic pulmonary toxicity occurred. In particular, pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PMWCNT) and acid-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (TMWCNT) were used in this study.

Low dietary inorganic phosphate stimulates lung tumorigenesis through altering protein translation and cell cycle in K-ras(LA1) mice.

Recent surveys indicate that Pi intake has increased steadily as Pi-containing foods have increased. Our previous study demonstrated that high dietary Pi strongly stimulated lung tumorigeneis. In order to answer the issue whether low Pi may be chemopreventive, we examined the effects of low Pi on lung cancer.

Development of in situ hybridization for the detection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from naturally infected pigs with polyserositis.

The aim of this study was to develop in situ hybridization for detection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissues from pigs with polyserositis. M. hyorhinis was isolated from the spleen (2 pigs) and pericardium (1 pig).

Development of in situ hybridization assay that differentiates between two genotypes of Porcine circovirus-2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

The aim of the current study was to develop a nonradioactive in situ hybridization assay that can differentiate between genotypes 2a and 2b of Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. Two different digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes were designed from the PCV-2 open reading frame 2 sequences. The PCV-2a-specific probe did not hybridize with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from naturally PCV-2b-infected pigs and vice versa.

Colostral transmission of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2): reproduction of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs fed milk from PCV-2-infected sows with post-natal porcine parvovirus infection or immunostimulation.

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was reproduced in pigs fed colostrum and milk from porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2)-infected sows and infected post-natally with porcine parvovirus (PPV) or immunostimulated. Pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with either PCV-2 (n=5) or PCV-2-free PK-15 cell lysates (control, n=10) 3 weeks before the expected farrowing date. Newborn piglets from five of the control sows were introduced to PCV-2-infected sows (n=6 for each sow) and allowed to feed on the colostrum for 12 h and then given 15 ml milk five times a day for 7 days.

Expression of mucins in the mucosal surface of small intestines in 1 week-old pigs.

The aim of this study was to determine the immunoexpression of mucins in jejunal and ileal villous epithelium using six antibodies against MUC1, MUC2, MUC4 MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC6. The immunohistochemical score for MUC1 has significantly intense staining compared with MUC2 (P=0.008) and the immunohistochemical socre for MUC4 and MUC 6 has significantly intense staining compared with MUC2 (P=0.

Construction and characterization of an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 mutant lacking the Apx toxin secretion protein genes apxIIIB and apxIIID.

Apx toxins have been identified as important virulence factors of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the etiologic agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. In some A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes, Apx toxins are secreted by the cell membrane proteins encoded by apxIIIB and apxIIID genes.

Localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in mammary glands of experimentally infected sows.

We investigated the localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in the mammary glands of experimentally infected sows using reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry. Six pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with PRRSV three weeks prior to the predicted farrowing date. The six PRRSV-infected sows and two uninfected negative control sows remained clinically healthy and farrowed normally.

Optimal probe size and fixation time for the detection of Porcine circovirus-2 DNA by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue.

Probe size and fixation time for detecting Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from experimentally infected pigs were optimized. In situ hybridization using a 169-base pair (bp) probe detected significantly fewer PCV-2-positive cells than when using 8 other larger probes (P < 0.05).

Comparative study of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues.

In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry with different types of antibody (monoclonal vs. polyclonal, natural vs. synthetic) was compared to detect porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from pigs with experimentally and naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.