Differential Expression of Pax6 Following Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion.

Background/aim: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes neuronal damage involving cognitive impairment and development of dementia. Permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in rat models is used to study chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Pax6 is used as an early neurogenesis marker which affects the maturation of neuronal cells.

Differential Expression of BDNF and BIM in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat Retina After Fluoxetine Injection.

Background: Chronic diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication that causes blindness. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression is induced by fluoxetine. We observed the effects of fluoxetine on a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model in this study.

Immunoreactivity of MAPK Signaling in a Rat Model of Intrauterine Growth Retardation Induced by Uterine Artery Ligation.

Background/aim: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) causes very low birth weight and is related to the morbidity and mortality of the newborn. In our previous study, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was found reduced in the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus of fetuses with IUGR. BDNF protected cortical neurons against hypoxic injury via activation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway.

Differential Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Cortex and Hippocampus upon Cerebral Hypoperfusion.

Background/aim: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) provides tolerance against ischemic brain injury, yet, the pattern of VEGF expression in the neurogenic zones following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has not been studied. Here we evaluated the immunoreactivity of VEGF in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.

Materials And Methods: Chronic hypoperfusion was induced by bilateral common carotid artery ligation in rats.

Anatomical configuration of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle: a histomorphometric analysis.

Purpose: The inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle (NVB) is important in implant placement and many other surgeries in dentistry because it is a major supplier of sensation and blood to the mandible via the mandibular canal. The purposes of the present study were to determine the areas and diameters of the NVB, the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), and the inferior alveolar artery (IAA), and to verify the buccolingual location of the mandibular canal.

Methods: The anatomical configuration of the NVB was examined by histomorphometrically analyzing 20 embalmed dentulous hemimandibles.

Cortical neuronal loss after chronic prenatal hypoxia: a comparative laboratory study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prenatal hypoxic effect on the fetal brain development.

Methods: We used the guinea pig chronic placental insufficiency model to investigate the effect of hypoxia on fetal brain development. We ligated unilateral uterine artery at 30-32 days of gestation (dg : with term defined as -67 dg).

Acute hydrocephalus as a complication of cervical spine fracture and dislocation: a case report.

Hydrocephalus is a well-known complication of head injury, but an uncommon complication of a spinal lesion. Here, we present a rare case of acute obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to a cervical fracture and dislocation. A 60-year-old female patient was transferred to the emergency department with quadriplegia and respiratory difficulty.

Topographical relationship of the greater palatine artery and the palatal spine. Significance for periodontal surgery.

Aim: The aims of this study were to (1) identify the branching pattern and course of the greater palatine artery (GPA), (2) carry out a morphological analysis of the palatal bony prominence that divides the medial and lateral grooves and (3) characterize the topographical relationships between these two structures.

Methods: Thirty-six hemimaxillae were studied with the aid of a surgical microscope to elucidate the GPA. A further 25 dry skulls were examined to establish the morphology of the palatal spine.

Iron differentially regulates gene expression and extracellular secretion of Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin-hemolysin.

In a previous study, we showed that Vibrio vulnificus is a ferrophilic bacterium that requires high levels of available iron for growth. In the present study, we show that iron stimulates, in an unusual manner, the production of cytolysin-hemolysin (VvhA), the most potent exotoxin produced by V. vulnificus.

Novel role of IL-6/SIL-6R signaling in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in murine B16, metastatic melanoma clone F10.9, cells.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been shown to be frequently expressed in melanomas; up-regulation of this enzyme is though to be associated with tumor progression. In this study, we investigated whether diverse cytokines such as: IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and IL6RIL6 (a highly active fusion protein of the soluble form of the IL-6R (sIL-6R) and IL-6) enhance the iNOS gene expression in B16/F10.9 murine metastatic melanoma cells.

Proteases of a Bacillus subtilis clinical isolate facilitate swarming and siderophore-mediated iron uptake via proteolytic cleavage of transferrin.

We isolated a highly serine protease-producing Bacillus subtilis strain (PRY) from a clinical sample and identified it through biochemical testing and ribosomal DNA sequencing. The PRY strain exhibited a robust swarming behavior and was able to digest human transferrin efficiently, concomitantly with the production of catechol-siderophore in the exponential growth phase. The growth of PRY was in proportion to increased iron availability resulting from transferrin destruction.

X-gal inhibits the swarming of Vibrio species.

The expressional levels of genes in swarmer cells can be determined by a simple method using X-gal-containing semisolid agars and lacZ-fusion transcription reporter strains of the genes concerned. However, X-gal alone inhibited the swarming of Vibrio, regardless of their ability to digest X-gal. Moreover, X-gal inhibited the growth of V.

Human serum albumin enhances the hemolytic activity of Vibrio vulnificus.

Vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (VvhA) is inactivated in the late growth phase by its oligomerization. Albumin is known to affect the activities of many bacterial toxins. In this study, we investigated the effects of human or bovine serum albumin (HSA or BSA) on the production and activity of VvhA.

Postnatal development of parvalbumin and calbindin D-28k immunoreactivities in the canine anterior cingulate cortex: transient expression in layer V pyramidal cells.

We have examined the ontogeny of parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin D-28k (CB) immunoreactivities in the canine anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) from the day of birth (P0) through P180. At P7, PV immunoreactivity first appeared in layer VI multipolar cells. The PV immunoreactivity in GABAergic nonpyramidal cells appeared to follow an inside-out gradient of radial emergence.

Endoscopic transnasal approach for the treatment of medial orbital blow-out fracture: a technique for controlling the fractured wall with a balloon catheter and Merocel.

The authors repaired a medial blow-out fracture by using an endoscopic transnasal technique with a balloon catheter and Merocel packing in 17 subjects. The follow-up periods were from 6 weeks to 2 years, and averaged 6 months. The length of the operation was 50 minutes on average.