Past and Future Epidemiological Perspectives and Integrated Management of Rice Bakanae in Korea.

In the past, rice bakanae was considered an endemic disease that did not cause significant losses in Korea; however, the disease has recently become a serious threat due to climate change, changes in farming practices, and the emergence of fungicide-resistant strains. Since the bakanae outbreak in 2006, its incidence has gradually decreased due to the application of effective control measures such as hot water immersion methods and seed disinfectants. However, in 2013, a marked increase in bakanae incidence was observed, causing problems for rice farmers.

sp. nov. isolated from deep-sea water.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated strain DSW4-44, was isolated from deep-sea water from the East Sea of Korea. The optimum temperature and pH for growth were 25 °C and pH 7.5.

An Optically Flat Conductive Outcoupler Using Core/Shell Ag/ZnO Nanochurros.

Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) featuring a smooth surface are indispensable for preserving pristine electrical characteristics in optoelectronic and transparent electronic devices. For high-efficiency organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), a high outcoupling efficiency, which is crucial, is only achieved by incorporating a wavelength-scale undulating surface into a TCE layer, but this inevitably degrades device performance. Here, an optically flat, high-conductivity TCE composed of core/shell Ag/ZnO nanochurros (NCs) is reported embedded within a resin film on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate, simultaneously serving as an efficient outcoupler and a flexible substrate.