All-In-One Epoxy/MXene Nanocomposites with Bead-Type Polymeric Imidazole Latent Curing Agent for Enhancing Storage Stability and Flame Retardancy.

Developing a single-component epoxy system is challenging but crucial for advanced thermoset applications. Unfortunately, conventional latent curing agents using chemical or physical passivation do not provide satisfactory storage stability and the necessary property requirements. Here, it is demonstrated that all-in-one epoxy/MXene nanocomposite system, comprising epoxy resin, polymeric imidazole latent curing agent beads (PILCAB), and TiCT MXene, exhibits excellent storage stability, improved flame retardancy, and enhanced mechanical strength.

Effects of Cybersickness Caused by Head-Mounted Display-Based Virtual Reality on Physiological Responses: Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Although more people are experiencing cybersickness due to the popularization of virtual reality (VR), no official standard for the cause and reduction of cybersickness exists to date. One of the main reasons is that an objective method to assess cybersickness has not been established. To resolve this, research on evaluating cybersickness with physiological responses that can be measured in real time is required.

A New Approach for Reducing Virtual Reality Sickness in Real Time: Design and Validation Study.

Background: Recently, technology that provides virtual reality (VR) content based on streaming services has been rapidly developed. However, there have been few studies to reduce VR sickness that occurs while the user watches VR content while wearing a head-mounted display (HMD) in real time.

Objective: Based on this background, we propose a new approach to measure and reduce VR sickness that occurs while the user watches VR content while wearing an HMD in real time.

Does the Suprascapular Nerve Move within the Suprascapular Notch? Biomechanical Perspective Using the Finite Element Method.

Purpose: We aimed to analyze changes in suprascapular nerve (SSN) position within the suprascapular notch during in vivo shoulder abduction.

Materials And Methods: Three-dimensional models of the shoulder complex were constructed based on magnetic resonance imaging of the brachial plexus (BP-MR) in a patient diagnosed with SSN dysfunction but normal scapular movement. Using BP-MR in neutral position and computed tomography data on shoulder abduction, shoulder abduction was simulated as the transition between two positions of the shoulder complex with overlapping of a neutral and abducted scapula.

DE-PNN: Differential Evolution-Based Feature Optimization with Probabilistic Neural Network for Imbalanced Arrhythmia Classification.

In this research, a heartbeat classification method is presented based on evolutionary feature optimization using differential evolution (DE) and classification using a probabilistic neural network (PNN) to discriminate between normal and arrhythmic heartbeats. The proposed method follows four steps: (1) preprocessing, (2) heartbeat segmentation, (3) DE feature optimization, and (4) PNN classification. In this method, we have employed direct signal amplitude points constituting the heartbeat acquired from the ECG holter device with no secondary feature extraction step usually used in case of hand-crafted, frequency transformation or other features.

A Study on 3D Deep Learning-Based Automatic Diagnosis of Nasal Fractures.

This paper reported a study on the 3-dimensional deep-learning-based automatic diagnosis of nasal fractures. (1) Background: The nasal bone is the most protuberant feature of the face; therefore, it is highly vulnerable to facial trauma and its fractures are known as the most common facial fractures worldwide. In addition, its adhesion causes rapid deformation, so a clear diagnosis is needed early after fracture onset.

Effects of flexible reamer on the femoral tunnel characteristics in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

To compare the femoral tunnel characteristics using a rigid versus flexible reamer during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. It was hypothesized that the employment of a flexible reamer along with femoral tunnel would exhibit longer tunnel length and more acute femoral graft tunnel angle compared to the case of a rigid reamer.The study population included 28 patients who underwent anatomical single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using transportal technique and were able to take postoperative computed tomography (CT) evaluation.

Using Visual Guides to Reduce Virtual Reality Sickness in First-Person Shooter Games: Correlation Analysis.

Background: The virtual reality (VR) content market is rapidly growing due to an increased supply of VR devices such as head-mounted displays (HMDs), whereas VR sickness (reported to occur while experiencing VR) remains an unsolved problem. The most widely used method of reducing VR sickness is the use of a rest frame that stabilizes the user's viewpoint by providing fixed visual stimuli in VR content (including video). However, the earth-fixed grid and natural independent visual background that are widely used as rest frames cannot maintain VR fidelity, as they reduce the immersion and the presence of the user.

Creating a Femoral Tunnel Aperture at the Anteromedial Footprint Versus the Central Footprint in ACL Reconstruction: Comparison of Contact Stress Patterns.

Background: It remains unclear whether an anteromedial (AM) footprint or a central footprint anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft exhibits less contact stress with the femoral tunnel aperture. This contact stress can generate graft attrition forces, which can lead to potential graft failure.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference in contact stress patterns of the graft around a femoral tunnel that is created at the anatomic AM footprint versus the central footprint.

Sustained fetal hemoglobin induction in vivo is achieved by interference and coexpressed truncated erythropoietin receptor.

Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for hemoglobin disorders, including sickle cell disease, requires high-efficiency lentiviral gene transfer and robust therapeutic globin expression in erythroid cells. Erythropoietin is a key cytokine for erythroid proliferation and differentiation (erythropoiesis), and truncated human erythropoietin receptors (thEpoR) have been reported in familial polycythemia. We reasoned that coexpression of thEpoR could enhance the phenotypic effect of a therapeutic vector in erythroid cells in xenograft mouse and autologous nonhuman primate transplantation models.

Effects of Virtual Reality and Non-Virtual Reality Exercises on the Exercise Capacity and Concentration of Users in a Ski Exergame: Comparative Study.

Background: Recently, ski exergames have been gaining popularity due to the growing interest in health improvement. Conventional studies evaluating the effects of ski exergames only considered exercise capacity and overlooked concentration. Ski exergames consist of a motion platform for exercise and virtual reality (VR) content in the game.

Feasibility of the Epiduroscopy Simulator as a Training Tool: A Pilot Study.

Epiduroscopy is a type of spinal intervention that visualizes the epidural space through the sacral hiatus using a fiberoptic scope. However, it is technically difficult to perform compared to conventional interventions and susceptible to complications. Surgery simulator has been shown to be a promising modality for medical education.

Optimizing lentiviral vector transduction of hematopoietic stem cells for gene therapy.

Autologous gene therapy using lentiviral vectors (LVs) holds promise for treating monogenetic blood diseases. However, clinical applications can be limited by suboptimal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transduction and insufficient quantities of available vector. We recently reported gene therapy for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency using a protocol in which patient CD34 cells were incubated with two successive transductions.

Graft bending angle of the reconstructed posterior cruciate ligament gradually decreases as knee flexion increases.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the change in the graft bending angles at the femoral and tibial tunnel aperture in single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. It was hypothesized that different knee flexion and different tunnel directions may affect changes of the femoral and tibial graft bending angle.

Methods: The right knees of 12 male subjects were scanned with a high-resolution computed tomography scanner at 4 different knee flexion angles (0°, 45°, 90° and 135°).

An Epiduroscopy Simulator Based on a Serious Game for Spatial Cognitive Training (EpiduroSIM): User-Centered Design Approach.

Background: Performing high-level surgeries with endoscopy is challenging, and hence, an efficient surgical training method or system is required. Serious game-based simulators can provide a trainee-centered educational environment unlike traditional teacher-centered education environments since serious games provide a high level of interaction (feedback that induces learning).

Objective: This study aimed to propose an epiduroscopy simulator, EpiduroSIM, based on a serious game for spatial cognitive training.

The Engraftment of Lentiviral Vector-Transduced Human CD34+ Cells into Humanized Mice.

Humanized mouse models have been developed to study human hematopoiesis and therapeutic application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of lentiviral vectors for gene therapy, human CD34+ cells have been transduced with lentiviral vectors and transplanted into the humanized mice. Recipient mice are monitored over time and sacrificed for bone marrow analyses with regard to human cell engraftment, lineage distribution, and vector transduction.

Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Fixation Using Multiple Low-Profile Devices in Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation.

Purpose: To introduce an arthroscopically assisted coracoclavicular (CC) fixation technique using multiple low-profile devices to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes in patients with acute high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation.

Methods: Between July 2014 and September 2015, cases of AC joint dislocation that were treated with arthroscopic CC fixation using multiple low-profile devices with a minimum follow-up of 24 months were included. We measured the vertical coracoclavicular distance (CCD) on the anteroposterior view and the horizontal acromioclavicular distance on 3-dimensional computed tomography images to evaluate the changes in radiologic outcomes before and after surgery.

Analysis of impingement-free range of motion of the glenohumeral joint after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using three different implant models.

Background: This study aimed to investigate impingement-free range of motion (ROM) of the glenohumeral joint following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) with three types of implant models using computational motion analysis.

Methods: Three-dimensional (3D) scapulohumeral models were created from preoperative computed tomography (CT) images of seven patients by using visualization and computer-aided design software. Three types of implant designs, namely, typical medialization, in between, and lateralization implants, were used for the reconstruction of 3D model; each design was designated as group I, II, and III, respectively.

Alveolar Crestal Approach for Maxillary Sinus Membrane Elevation with <4 mm of Residual Bone Height: A Case Report.

Introduction: For maxillary sinus membrane elevation (MSME), the lateral window approach and crestal approach are available, and high success rates have been achieved with low residual bone height as a development of technology.

Objective: To evaluate MSME using the crestal approach with a rotary-grind bur (RGB (including reamer or sinus bur)) in patients with residual bone height of <4 mm.

Materials And Methods: Ten implants were placed in 10 patients with residual bone height of <4 mm, by sinus elevation using an RGB.

Lentiviral Transfer of γ-Globin with Fusion Gene NUP98-HOXA10HD Expands Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Ameliorates Murine β-Thalassemia.

Recently, an engineered Homeobox-nucleoporin fusion gene, NUP98-HOXA10HD or NA10HD, was reported to expand and maintain murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We postulated that NA10HD would increase the number of human γ-globin-expressing cells to therapeutic levels. We developed a double gene lentiviral vector encoding both human γ-globin and NA10HD, which was used to transduce human peripheral blood CD34 cells and increased engraftment 2- to 2.

A Comparison between Clinical Results of Selective Bundle and Double Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic anatomical double bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with either selective anteromedial (AM) or posterolateral (PL) bundle reconstruction while preserving a relatively healthy ACL bundle.

Materials And Methods: The authors evaluated 98 patients with a mean follow-up of 30.8±4.

Cardiorespiratory endurance evaluation using heart rate analysis during ski simulator exercise and the Harvard step test in elementary school students.

[Purpose] Efficient management using exercise programs with various benefits should be provided by educational institutions for children in their growth phase. We analyzed the heart rates of children during ski simulator exercise and the Harvard step test to evaluate the cardiopulmonary endurance by calculating their post-exercise recovery rate. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects (n = 77) were categorized into a normal weight and an overweight/obesity group by body mass index.

Kinematic characteristics of the lower extremity during a simulated skiing exercise in healthy participants.

[Purpose] Currently, various simulators are produced and used for athlete's exercise, rehabilitation, and training. In this study, we analyzed the kinematic factors of sectional and total movements in healthy participants by providing group-dependent information during simulated exercise. [Subjects and Methods] Participants in this study included 26 male adults (non-experts and experts); experts held a certificate issued by the Korea Ski Instructors Association.

Estimation of photoneutron yield in linear accelerator with different collimation systems by Geant4 and MCNPX simulation codes.

At present, the bremsstrahlung photon beams produced by linear accelerators are the most commonly employed method of radiotherapy for tumor treatments. A photoneutron source based on three different energies (6, 10 and 15 MeV) of a linac electron beam was designed by means of Geant4 and Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended (MCNPX) simulation codes. To obtain maximum neutron yield, two arrangements for the photo neutron convertor were studied: (a) without a collimator, and (b) placement of the convertor after the collimator.