Inhibitory Effect of Alnustone on Survival and Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Background/objectives: Alnustone (Aln) is an effective compound of Hayata. Aln possesses various pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. However, the inhibitory effect of Aln on colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been identified.

Saikosaponin D Inhibits Lung Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Inducing Autophagy and Apoptosis.

Saikosaponin D (SSD), derived from L., has various pharmacological properties, including immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects. Several studies have investigated the anti-tumor effects of SSD on cancer in multiple organs.

A guide to adaptive immune memory.

Immune memory - comprising T cells, B cells and plasma cells and their secreted antibodies - is crucial for human survival. It enables the rapid and effective clearance of a pathogen after re-exposure, to minimize damage to the host. When antigen-experienced, memory T cells become activated, they proliferate and produce effector molecules at faster rates and in greater magnitudes than antigen-inexperienced, naive cells.

Encephalitis and poor neuronal death-mediated control of herpes simplex virus in human inherited RIPK3 deficiency.

Inborn errors of TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity in cortical neurons underlie forebrain herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) due to uncontrolled viral growth and subsequent cell death. We report an otherwise healthy patient with HSE who was compound heterozygous for nonsense (R422*) and frameshift (P493fs9*) variants. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic kinase regulating cell death outcomes, including apoptosis and necroptosis.

Inhaled particulate accumulation with age impairs immune function and architecture in human lung lymph nodes.

Older people are particularly susceptible to infectious and neoplastic diseases of the lung and it is unclear how lifelong exposure to environmental pollutants affects respiratory immune function. In an analysis of human lymph nodes (LNs) from 84 organ donors aged 11-93 years, we found a specific age-related decline in lung-associated, but not gut-associated, LN immune function linked to the accumulation of inhaled atmospheric particulate matter. Increasing densities of particulates were found in lung-associated LNs with age, but not in the corresponding gut-associated LNs.

Supercritical Extract of Inhibits Lung Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Increasing AMPK and MAPKs-Mediated Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the diseases with the highest rates of prevalence and mortality despite therapeutic methods in the world. In particular, there are not enough methods to treat metastasis of CRC cells to distant organs. Linne () is a popular medicinal plant used by humans to treat many diseases.

A computational approach for detecting physiological homogeneity in the midst of genetic heterogeneity.

The human genetic dissection of clinical phenotypes is complicated by genetic heterogeneity. Gene burden approaches that detect genetic signals in case-control studies are underpowered in genetically heterogeneous cohorts. We therefore developed a genome-wide computational method, network-based heterogeneity clustering (NHC), to detect physiological homogeneity in the midst of genetic heterogeneity.

Herpes simplex encephalitis in a patient with a distinctive form of inherited IFNAR1 deficiency.

Inborn errors of TLR3-dependent IFN-α/β- and IFN-λ-mediated immunity in the CNS can underlie herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE). The respective contributions of IFN-α/β and IFN-λ are unknown. We report a child homozygous for a genomic deletion of the entire coding sequence and part of the 3'-UTR of the last exon of IFNAR1, who died of HSE at the age of 2 years.

Human SNORA31 variations impair cortical neuron-intrinsic immunity to HSV-1 and underlie herpes simplex encephalitis.

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is typically sporadic. Inborn errors of TLR3- and DBR1-mediated central nervous system cell-intrinsic immunity can account for forebrain and brainstem HSE, respectively. We report five unrelated patients with forebrain HSE, each heterozygous for one of four rare variants of SNORA31, encoding a small nucleolar RNA of the H/ACA class that are predicted to direct the isomerization of uridine residues to pseudouridine in small nuclear RNA and ribosomal RNA.

Inherited IL-18BP deficiency in human fulminant viral hepatitis.

Fulminant viral hepatitis (FVH) is a devastating and unexplained condition that strikes otherwise healthy individuals during primary infection with common liver-tropic viruses. We report a child who died of FVH upon infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) at age 11 yr and who was homozygous for a private 40-nucleotide deletion in , which encodes the IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). This mutation is loss-of-function, unlike the variants found in a homozygous state in public databases.

Human iPSC-derived trigeminal neurons lack constitutive TLR3-dependent immunity that protects cortical neurons from HSV-1 infection.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is the most common sporadic viral encephalitis in Western countries. Some HSE children carry inborn errors of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-dependent IFN-α/β- and -λ-inducing pathway. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons with TLR3 pathway mutations are highly susceptible to HSV-1, due to impairment of cell-intrinsic TLR3-IFN immunity.

Production of cyclodextrins in ultrafiltration membrane reactor containing cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus macerans.

An enzyme reactor installed with ultrafiltration membrane was developed to produce alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins (CDs) from soluble starch by Bacillus macerans cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) tagged with 10 lysines at its C-terminus (CGTK10ase). Ultrafiltration membrane YM10 with 10,000 of molecular cutoff was chosen for membrane modification and CD production. A repeated-batch type of the enzyme reaction with free CGTK10ase resulted in a alpha-CD yield of 24.