Multimodal feature fusion-based graph convolutional networks for Alzheimer's disease stage classification using F-18 florbetaben brain PET images and clinical indicators.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent degenerative brain disease associated with dementia, requires early diagnosis to alleviate worsening of symptoms through appropriate management and treatment. Recent studies on AD stage classification are increasingly using multimodal data. However, few studies have applied graph neural networks to multimodal data comprising F-18 florbetaben (FBB) amyloid brain positron emission tomography (PET) images and clinical indicators.

Validation of American College of Radiology Bone Reporting and Data System (Bone-RADS) Version 2023 for diagnosis of malignant tumors of appendicular bone on conventional radiographs.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the American College of Radiology(ACR) Bone Reporting and Data System (Bone-RADS) in diagnosis of malignant tumors of the appendicular bone on conventional radiographs.

Methods: Primary and secondary tumors of appendicular bone in patients who underwent radiographic and MRI examinations were classified into benign, intermediate, and malignant using a reference standard of histopathology, imaging follow-up, or clinical-radiologic consensus. Two radiologists assessed five radiographic features (margin, periosteal reaction, endosteal erosion, pathologic fracture, and extra-osseous mass), scored point total (points from radiographic features and a history of cancer), and assigned Bone-RADS categories.

Long-Term Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Upfront Surgery for Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the long-term effects of neoadjuvant therapy and upfront surgery on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 202 patients, including 167 who had upfront surgery and 35 who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. Surgical outcomes and survival rates were compared using propensity score matching to minimize selection bias.

High-precision and low-noise dielectric tensor tomography using a micro-electromechanical system mirror.

Dielectric tensor tomography is an imaging technique for mapping three-dimensional distributions of dielectric properties in transparent materials. This work introduces an enhanced illumination strategy employing a micro-electromechanical system mirror to achieve high precision and reduced noise in imaging. This illumination approach allows for precise manipulation of light, significantly improving the accuracy of angle control and minimizing diffraction noise compared to traditional beam steering approaches.

Ultradian Rest-activity Rhythms Induced by Quinpirole in Mice Using Wavelet Analysis.

Objective: Ultradian rhythms are biological rhythms with periods of a few seconds to a few hours. Along with circadian rhythms, ultradian rhythms influence human physiology. However, such rhythms have not been studied as intensively as circadian rhythms.

What happens after anti-Asian racism at work? A moral exclusion perspective on coworker confrontation and mechanisms.

Despite Americans' recent heightened awareness of racial inequality, anti-Asian racism at work remains underrecognized and largely unaddressed. In this research, we aim to understand why White bystander coworkers may fail to confront anti-Asian racism. Integrating the moral exclusion perspective and research on racial positions, we propose that due to perceiving Asian Americans as more foreign than other non-White coworkers, White coworkers are less likely to feel anger and engage in confrontation when witnessing anti-Asian racism at work.

Integrated Antigenic and Nucleic Acid Detection in Single Virions and Extracellular Vesicles with Viral Content.

Virion-mediated outbreaks are imminent and despite rapid responses, continue to cause adverse symptoms and death. Therefore, tunable, sensitive, high-throughput assays are needed to help diagnose future virion-mediated outbreaks. Herein, it is developed a tunable in situ assay to selectively enrich virions and extracellular vesicles (EVs) and simultaneously detect antigens and nucleic acids at a single-particle resolution.

Robust control chart for nonlinear conditionally heteroscedastic time series based on Huber support vector regression.

This study proposes a control chart that monitors conditionally heteroscedastic time series by integrating the Huber support vector regression (HSVR) and the one-class classification (OCC) method. For this task, we consider the model that incorporates nonlinearity to the generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedastic (GARCH) time series, named HSVR-GARCH, to robustly estimate the conditional volatility when the structure of time series is not specified with parameters. Using the squared residuals, we construct the OCC-based control chart that does not require any posterior modifications of residuals unlike previous studies.

[Imaging Findings of Spinal Metastases with Differential Diagnosis: Focusing on Solitary Spinal Lesion in Older Patients].

If a solitary spinal lesion is found in an older patient, bone metastasis can be primarily considered as the diagnosis. Bone metastasis can occur anywhere, but it mostly occurs in the vertebral body and may sometimes show typical imaging findings, presenting as a single lesion. Therefore, differentiating it from other lesions that mimic bone metastases can be challenging, potentially leading to delayed diagnosis and initiation of primary cancer treatment.

Enhancing local recurrence detection in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma: value of short-term Ultrasonography added to post-operative MRI surveillance.

Background: Limited data exist on the optimal postoperative surveillance protocol for high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, particularly regarding the optimal imaging modality and imaging interval for detecting local recurrence. This study aimed to assess the benefit of short-term postoperative ultrasonography (USG) for detecting local recurrence in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed high-grade soft tissue sarcoma who underwent surgical resection between January 2010 and June 2020 were included.

Low-Temperature, Universal Synthetic Route for Mesoporous Metal Oxides by Exploiting Synergistic Effect of Thermal Activation and Plasma.

Mesoporous metal oxides exhibit excellent physicochemical properties and are widely used in various fields, including energy storage/conversion, catalysis, and sensors. Although several soft-template approaches are reported, high-temperature calcination for both metal oxide formation and template removal is necessary, which limits direct synthesis on a plastic substrate for flexible devices. Here, a universal synthetic approach that combines thermal activation and oxygen plasma to synthesize diverse mesoporous metal oxides (VO, VO, TiO, NbO, WO and MoO) at low temperatures (150-200 °C), which can be applicable to a flexible polymeric substrate is introduced.

Vertebral Venous Congestion That May Mimic Vertebral Metastasis on Contrast-Enhanced Chest Computed Tomography in Chemoport Inserted Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vertebral venous congestion (VVC) in patients with chemoport insertion, evaluate the imaging characteristics of nodular VVC, and identify the factors associated with VVC.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective single-center study was based on follow-up contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) of 1412 adult patients who underwent chemoport insertion between January 2016 and December 2016. The prevalence of venous stenosis, reflux, and VVC were evaluated.

Engineering a tunable micropattern-array assay to sort single extracellular vesicles and particles to detect RNA and protein in situ.

The molecular heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the co-isolation of physically similar particles, such as lipoproteins (LPs), confounds and limits the sensitivity of EV bulk biomarker characterization. Herein, we present a single-EV and particle (siEVP) protein and RNA assay ( PRA) to simultaneously detect mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins in subpopulations of EVs and LPs. The PRA immobilizes and sorts particles via positive immunoselection onto micropatterns and focuses biomolecular signals in situ.

Detecting residual soft tissue sarcoma after unplanned excision; model-free analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI at short-term follow-up.

Objectives: To evaluate diagnostic utility of additional DCE-MRI for detecting residual soft tissue sarcomas (STS) after unplanned excision (UPE).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 32 patients with UPE of STS, followed by conventional MRI with DCE-MRI and wide excision (WE), between November 2019 and January 2022. Residual tumors on conventional MRI were categorized into three groups: Lesion-type-0, no abnormal enhancement, Lesion-type-1, an indeterminate lesion, and Lesion-type-2, a definite enhancing nodule.

Role of Oxygen in Amorphous Carbon Hard Mask Plasma Etching.

In the current and next-generation Si-based semiconductor manufacturing processes, amorphous carbon layer (ACL) hard masks are garnering considerable attention for high-aspect-ratio (HAR) etching due to their outstanding physical properties. However, a current limitation is the lack of research on the etching characteristics of ACL hard masks under plasma etching conditions. Given the significant impact of hard mask etching on device quality and performance, a deeper understanding of the etching characteristics of ACL is necessary.

Screening of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using generative adversarial network (GAN) inversion method in chest radiographs.

Objective: Conventional computer-aided diagnosis using convolutional neural networks (CNN) has limitations in detecting sensitive changes and determining accurate decision boundaries in spectral and structural diseases such as scoliosis. We devised a new method to detect and diagnose adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in chest X-rays (CXRs) employing the latent space's discriminative ability in the generative adversarial network (GAN) and a simple multi-layer perceptron (MLP) to screen adolescent idiopathic scoliosis CXRs.

Materials And Methods: Our model was trained and validated in a two-step manner.

Machine Learning Algorithms for the Prediction of Locomotor Activity by an Infrared Motion Detector on the Sleep-wake States in Mice.

Objective: Even though studies using machine learning on sleep-wake states have been performed, studies in various conditions are still necessary. This study aimed to examine the performance of the prediction model of locomotor activities on sleep-wake states using machine learning algorithms.

Methods: The processed data using moving average of locomotor activities were used as predicting features.

Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: associations of pre-operative DTI parameters with clinical outcomes after cubital tunnel decompression.

Objectives: To evaluate whether DTI parameters of the ulnar nerve at the elbow are associated with clinical outcomes in patients receiving cubital tunnel decompression (CTD) surgery for ulnar neuropathy.

Methods: This retrospective study included 21 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome who received CTD surgery between January 2019 and November 2020. All patients underwent pre-operative elbow MRI, including DTI.

Diagnosis of Scoliosis Using Chest Radiographs with a Semi-Supervised Generative Adversarial Network.

Purpose: To develop and validate a deep learning-based screening tool for the early diagnosis of scoliosis using chest radiographs with a semi-supervised generative adversarial network (GAN).

Materials And Methods: Using a semi-supervised learning framework with a GAN, a screening tool for diagnosing scoliosis was developed and validated through the chest PA radiographs of patients at two different tertiary hospitals. Our proposed method used training GAN with mild to severe scoliosis only in a semi-supervised manner, as an upstream task to learn scoliosis representations and a downstream task to perform simple classification for differentiating between normal and scoliosis states sensitively.

Syringomatous Adenoma of the Nipple on Screening Mammography: A Case Report.

Syringomatous adenoma of the nipples, first reported in 1983, is an extremely rare benign tumor extending to the subareolar area and, pathologically, has a shape similar to that of sweat gland tumors. Radiologically, infiltrating patterns and calcifications can cause misdiagnosis of malignant tumors. The authors report a case of syringomatous adenoma that shows only calcifications of the nipple in a screening mammography.

An immunogold single extracellular vesicular RNA and protein ( SERP) biochip to predict responses to immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Conventional PD-L1 immunohistochemical tissue biopsies only predict 20%-40% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that will respond positively to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Herein, we present an immunogold biochip to quantify single extracellular vesicular RNA and protein ( SERP) as a non-invasive alternative. With only 20 μl of purified serum, PD-1/PD-L1 proteins on the surface of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV PD-1/PD-L1 messenger RNA (mRNA) cargo were detected at a single-vesicle resolution and exceeded the sensitivities of their bulk-analysis conventional counterparts, ELISA and qRT-PCR, by 1000 times.

The increased analgesic efficacy of cold therapy after an unsuccessful analgesic experience is associated with inferior parietal lobule activation.

Prior experiences of successful and failed treatments are known to influence the efficacy of a newly applied treatment. However, whether that carry-over effect applies to non-pharmacological treatments is unknown. This study investigated how a failed treatment history with placebo analgesic cream affected the therapeutic outcomes of cold-pack treatment.