Therapeutic Effect of HDAC5 Binding and Cell Penetrating Peptide for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable disease that negatively influences the quality of life of patients. Current and emerging therapies target proinflammatory cytokines and/or receptors to downregulate proinflammatory responses, but insufficient remission requires other therapeutic agents. Herein, we report that the synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15 (SAP15) is capable of cell penetration and anti-inflammatory activity in human macrophages.

Learning curves and perioperative outcomes of single-incision robotic sacrocolpopexy on two different da Vinci surgical systems.

This study aimed to report a single surgeon's early experience and learning curves of single-incision robotic sacrocolpopexy on two different robotic surgical platforms, namely, the single-site approach on da Vinci Xi and single-port approach on da Vinci SP surgical systems. This retrospective study included 123 consecutive cases of robotic sacrocolpopexy performed between June 2017 and June 2021 for the patients with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage 2-4 symptomatic prolapse. First consecutive 57 cases were performed under the da Vinci Xi system applying the single-site manner, whereas the following 66 cases were done under the da Vinci SP system.

SREBP1c-PARP1 axis tunes anti-senescence activity of adipocytes and ameliorates metabolic imbalance in obesity.

Emerging evidence indicates that the accretion of senescent cells is linked to metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and metabolic consequences of cellular senescence in obesity remain obscure. In this study, we found that obese adipocytes are senescence-susceptible cells accompanied with genome instability.

Emerging roles of epigenetic regulation in obesity and metabolic disease.

Adipose tissue dysfunction is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to obesity-related sequelae such as metabolic complications and insulin resistance. Compelling evidence indicates that adipose-tissue-specific gene expression is influenced by gene interactions with proximal and distal cis-regulatory elements; the latter exert regulatory effects via three-dimensional (3D) chromosome conformation. Recent advances in determining the regulatory mechanisms reveal that compromised epigenomes are molecularly interlinked to altered cis-regulatory element activity and chromosome architecture in the adipose tissue.

Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells incorporated in reactive oxygen species-releasing hydrogel promote bone formation by increasing the translocation of cell surface GRP78.

Controlling the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is essential for improving the efficacy of MSC-based therapies. Here, a model of MSC senescence was established by replicative subculture in tonsil-derived MSCs (TMSCs) using senescence-associated β-galactosidase, telomere-length related genes, stemness, and mitochondrial metabolism. Using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) as a unique MSC senescence marker.

Cell-Permeable Gene Delivery Enhances Stem Cell-like Properties of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts.

Direct conversion of one cell type into another is a trans-differentiation process. Recent advances in fibroblast research revealed that epithelial cells can give rise to fibroblasts by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Conversely, fibroblasts can also give rise to epithelia by undergoing a mesenchymal to epithelial transition.

DNMT1 maintains metabolic fitness of adipocytes through acting as an epigenetic safeguard of mitochondrial dynamics.

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a key regulator of systemic energy metabolism, and impaired WAT plasticity characterized by enlargement of preexisting adipocytes associates with WAT dysfunction, obesity, and metabolic complications. However, the mechanisms that retain proper adipose tissue plasticity required for metabolic fitness are unclear. Here, we comprehensively showed that adipocyte-specific DNA methylation, manifested in enhancers and CTCF sites, directs distal enhancer-mediated transcriptomic features required to conserve metabolic functions of white adipocytes.

Adipocytes Are the Control Tower That Manages Adipose Tissue Immunity by Regulating Lipid Metabolism.

Accumulating evidence reveals that adipose tissue is an immunologically active organ that exerts multiple impacts on the regulation of systemic energy metabolism. Adipose tissue immunity is modulated by the interactions between adipocytes and various immune cells. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms that control inter-cellular interactions between adipocytes and immune cells in adipose tissue have not been thoroughly elucidated.

Collagen-binding peptide reverses bone loss in a mouse model of cerebral palsy based on clinical databases.

Background: Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) experience bone loss due to impaired weight bearing. Despite serious complications, there is no standard medication.

Objective: To develop a new pharmacological agent, we performed a series of studies.

Association between the microbiomes of tonsil and saliva samples isolated from pediatric patients subjected to tonsillectomy for the treatment of tonsillar hyperplasia.

Oral microbes have the capacity to spread throughout the gastrointestinal system and are strongly associated with multiple diseases. Given that tonsils are located between the oral cavity and the laryngopharynx at the gateway of the alimentary and respiratory tracts, tonsillar tissue may also be affected by microbiota from both the oral cavity (saliva) and the alimentary tract. Here, we analyzed the distribution and association of the microbial communities in the saliva and tonsils of Korean children subjected to tonsillectomy because of tonsil hyperplasia (n = 29).

A transcriptomic analysis of serial-cultured, tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals decreased integrin α3 protein as a potential biomarker of senescent cells.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used for stem cell therapy, and serial passage of stem cells is often required to obtain sufficient cell numbers for practical applications in regenerative medicine. A long-term serial cell expansion can potentially induce replicative senescence, which leads to a progressive decline in stem cell function and stemness, losing multipotent characteristics. To improve the therapeutic efficiency of stem cell therapy, it would be important to identify specific biomarkers for senescent cells.

A Synthetic Cell-Penetrating Heparin-Binding Peptide Derived from BMP4 with Anti-Inflammatory and Chondrogenic Functions for the Treatment of Arthritis.

We report dual therapeutic effects of a synthetic heparin-binding peptide (HBP) corresponding to residues 15-24 of the heparin binding site in BMP4 in a collagen-induced rheumatic arthritis model (CIA) for the first time. The cell penetrating capacity of HBP led to improved cartilage recovery and anti-inflammatory effects via down-regulation of the iNOS-IFN-IL6 signaling pathway in inflamed RAW264.7 cells.

Bone regeneration into side openings and hollow inner channel of a dental implant.

The current study examined whether bone can regenerate into an open space fabricated inside the metal implant and maintain its quantity and quality at the early post-implantation healing periods. 12 conventional one piece screw type titanium dental implants (control group) and 12 hybrid dental implants with spiral side openings (0.58 mm wide) connected to hollow inner channel (experimental group) were bilaterally placed in each quadrant at the P3, P4 and M1 positions in mandible of 4 adult beagles following 2 months of post-extraction healing.

GABA-stimulated adipose-derived stem cells suppress subcutaneous adipose inflammation in obesity.

Accumulating evidence suggests that subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues are differentially associated with metabolic disorders. In obesity, subcutaneous adipose tissue is beneficial for metabolic homeostasis because of repressed inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Double intratibial injection of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stromal cells recovers postmenopausal osteoporotic bone mass.

Background And Aims: Osteoporosis, which is a disease characterized by weakening of the bone, affects a large portion of the senior population. The current therapeutic options for osteoporosis have side effects, and there is no effective treatment for severe osteoporosis. Thus, we urgently need new treatment strategies, such as topical therapies and/or safe and effective stem cell therapies.

Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cell-embedded in situ crosslinkable gelatin hydrogel therapy recovers postmenopausal osteoporosis through bone regeneration.

We investigated therapeutic potential of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) subcutaneously delivered to ovariectomized (OVX) mice for developing more safe and effective therapy for osteoporosis. TMSC were isolated from tonsil tissues of children undergoing tonsillectomy, and TMSC-embedded in situ crosslinkable gelatin-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid hydrogel (TMSC-GHH) or TMSC alone were delivered subcutaneously to the dorsa of OVX mice. After 3 months, three-dimensionally reconstructed micro-computed tomographic images revealed better recovery of the femoral heads in OVX mice treated with TMSC-GHH.

Regulatory Roles of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Defenders Against Obesity-Induced Metabolic Complications.

Adipose tissue is a metabolic organ that plays a central role in controlling systemic energy homeostasis. Compelling evidence indicates that immune system is closely linked to healthy physiologic functions and pathologic dysfunction of adipose tissue. In obesity, the accumulation of pro-inflammatory responses in adipose tissue subsequently leads to dysfunction of adipose tissue as well as whole body energy homeostasis.

Histological and Histomorphometric Response to SocketKAP™ and SocketKAGE™ Used for Ridge Preservation and Repair: Results From a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Purpose: This study investigated the histologic tissue response to SocketKAP and SocketKAGE as novel devices designed for ridge preservation.

Materials And Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial recruited participants among patients who presented to a university dental clinic. The study protocol entailed randomization into 5 intervention groups after tooth extraction: unassisted healing of intact sockets (group A), SocketKAP (group B), anorganic bovine bone minerals (ABBM) plus SocketKAP (group C), unassisted healing of sockets with dehiscence (group D), and SocketKAGE plus ABBM plus SocketKAP (group E).

Adipocyte CD1d determines adipose inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity.

Obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation is regulated by various immune cells for innate and adaptive immunity. Among adipose tissue immune cells, it has been proposed that invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells play crucial roles in anti-inflammatory responses in obesity. iNKT cells recognize 'lipid' antigens loaded on CD1d of antigen presenting cells and modulate immune responses by secreting Th1 or Th2 type cytokines depending on species of lipid antigens, antigen presenting cell types, and environmental cytokine milieu.

Deficiency Stimulates Thermogenic Beige Adipocytes Through Activation.

Beige adipocytes can dissipate energy as heat. Elaborate communication between metabolism and gene expression is important in the regulation of beige adipocytes. Although lipid droplet (LD) binding proteins play important roles in adipose tissue biology, it remains unknown whether () is involved in the regulation of beige adipocyte formation and thermogenic activities.

Comparative Study of rhPDGF-BB Plus Equine-Derived Bone Matrix Versus rhPDGF-BB Plus β-TCP in the Treatment of Periodontal Defects.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of equine-derived bone matrix as a carrier for recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF-BB) versus beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for the treatment of intraosseous periodontal defects in adult patients. This study was performed on 32 adults with advanced periodontal disease. Eligible subjects were randomized in 1:1 ratio into a test (rhPDGF-BB-coated equine-derived bone matrix) or control group (rhPDGF-BB-coated β-TCP).