Measurement of inkjet droplet speed using interference fringe by diffracted light.

Inkjet printers are key technologies in manufacturing organic light-emitting diodes and quantum dot light-emitting diode panels, but precise measurement and control of inkjet droplets remains challenging. The international standard, IEC 62899-302-1, uses shadow image-based measurement with high magnification microscopes to observe picoliter-sized droplets. However, high magnification lens results in a shallow depth of field or narrow optimal measurement area, causing the blurring image if the droplet does not pass through the optimal measurement area.

Pulsed Laser Ablation Characteristics of Light-Absorbing Mask Layer Based on Coating Thicknesses under Laser Lift-Off Patterning Process.

Thin transparent oxide layers are typically patterned for use in electronic products including semiconductors, displays, and solar cells for applications such as transparent electrodes, insulating films, and encapsulation films. Conventional patterning methods have traditionally been used in photolithography and lift-off processes. Photolithography employs the wet development process, which has disadvantages such as potential undercut effects, swelling, chemical contamination, and high process costs.

Physical Characteristics of Sintered Silver Nanoparticle Inks with Different Sizes during Furnace Sintering.

The influence of nanoparticle (NP) size on the physical characteristics of sintered silver NP ink was studied using four different types of inks. The Ag NP inks were spin-coated on glass substrates with an average thickness of 300 nm. Each sample was sintered for 30 min, with temperatures from 50 °C to 400 °C by an interval of 50 °C.

Measurement of inkjet droplet size based on Fraunhofer diffraction.

Inkjet printers have started to manufacture OLED/QLED pixel arrays for the display industry, and the precise measurement and control of ink droplet volume during the printing process has become important. We investigated the feasibility of Fraunhofer diffraction analysis as a volume measurement tool for fast-moving inkjet droplets. To confirm the basic idea, two Fraunhofer diffraction-based methods were used to calculate the wire diameters of well-known sized and steady-positioned metal wires.

The Effect of Pre-Stretched Substrate on the Electrical Resistance of Printed Ag Nanowires.

One-dimensional nanomaterials have drawn attention as an alternative electrode material for stretchable electronics. In particular, silver nanowires (Ag NWs) have been studied as stretchable electrodes for strain sensors, 3D electronics, and freeform-shaped electronic circuits. In this study, Ag NWs ink was printed on the pre-stretched silicone rubber film up to 40% in length using a drop-on-demand dispenser.

A scaling law of particle transport in inkjet-printed particle-laden polymeric drops.

Hydrogels with embedded functional particulates are widely used to create soft materials with innovative functionalities. In order to advance these soft materials to functional devices and machines, critical technical challenges are the precise positioning of particulates within the hydrogels and the construction of the hydrogels into a complex geometry. Inkjet printing is a promising method for addressing these challenges and ultimately achieving hydrogels with voxelized functionalities, so-called digital hydrogels.

Cardiovascular health status between standard and nonstandard workers in Korea.

Objectives: The effect of employment insecurity on employee health is an important public health issue due to the recent effects of neoliberalism and the global financial crisis (2007-2008) on labor markets. This study aims to evaluate the differences in cardiovascular health status and the use of preventive screening services between standard and nonstandard workers.

Methods: Waged employees (N = 5,338) between the ages of 20 and 64 were grouped into standard (full-time, permanent) and nonstandard (part-time, temporary, or daily) employees.

Association Between Change in Serum Aminotransferase and Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.

There is little information on how the change in serum aminotransferase affects mortality. We investigated the association between changes in serum aminotransferase levels and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and liver disease.Three percent of men from the Korean National Health Insurance database were sampled randomly at the end of 2002.

Effect of laser intensity on the characteristic of inkjet-printed silver nanoparticles during continuous laser sintering.

The variation in electric conductivity was examined for laser irradiation with various beam intensities. A 532-nm continuous wave laser was irradiated onto inkjet-printed silver lines on a glass substrate and the electrical resistance was measured in situ during the irradiation. The results demonstrate that electrical conductivity varies nonlinearly with laser intensity, and has a minimum specific resistance of 3.

Estimation of the properties of silver nanoparticle ink during laser sintering via in-situ electrical resistance measurement.

In this work, the in-situ properties of silver nanoparticle ink were estimated during laser sintering process. The silver nanoparticle ink was composed of 34 wt% silver nanoparticles with an average size of approximately 50 nm, and was deposited on a glass substrate via inkjet printing technology. A 532 nm continuous-wave laser was irradiated to the printed ink for 60 s under various laser intensities.

Antidepressant use and diabetes mellitus risk: a meta-analysis.

Background: Epidemiologic studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between the use of antidepressants and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) risk. We performed a meta-analysis to systematically assess the association between antidepressants and type 2 DM risk.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (through Dec 31, 2011), including references of qualifying articles.

Diabetes mellitus as an independent risk factor for lung cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Background: Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated inconsistent associations between diabetes mellitus and the risk of lung cancer. To determine whether diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, we performed a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for observational studies conducted prior to September 2012.

Pre-existing diabetes mellitus increases the risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

Aim: To systematically assess the association between diabetes and incidence of gastric cancer.

Methods: We searched MedLine (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library without any limitations with respect to publication date or language, we also searched the references of qualifying articles. Case-control studies and cohort studies comparing the risk of gastric cancer between diabetic patients and control subjects were included.

Educational Disparities in Distribution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Quality of Care in Korean Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey IV.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate how educational status influences cardiovascular risk factors and care of diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Methods: From Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey IV, we obtained survey results of 6,835 men and 9,067 women more than 30 years old. We performed multivariate logistic regression to compare cardiovascular risk factors and care of hypertension and diabetes respective to educational status.

Diabetes mellitus and ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic association between diabetes and risk of ovarian cancer.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for observational studies on the association between diabetes and ovarian cancer. Cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and case-control studies that showed odds ratios were included in the analysis.

Neuropsychological correlates of the P300 in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: The P300 is a useful psychophysiological index that reflects cognitive functions; however, the relationship between P300 indices and neuropsychological tests in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is unclear.

Methods: Thirty-one AD patients and 31 elderly normal control (NC) subjects were recruited. Age and education level were matched between the two groups.