Transfer hydrogenation is widely practised across all segments of chemical industry, yet its application to aryl halide reductive cross-coupling is undeveloped because of competing hydrogenolysis. Here, exploiting the distinct reactivity of Pd species, an efficient catalytic system for the reductive cross-coupling of activated aryl bromides with aryl iodides via formate-mediated hydrogen transfer is described. These processes display orthogonality with respect to Suzuki and Buchwald-Hartwig couplings, as pinacol boronates and anilines are tolerated and, owing to the intervention of chelated intermediates, are effective for challenging 2-pyridyl systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPruritus-a common symptom in patients with burns- impairs the quality of life and contributes to anxiety and depression. Although the mechanisms underlying post-burn pruritus remain unclear, gut microbiome dysbiosis may affect systemic inflammation and drug responsiveness. This study analyzed the gut microbiome composition of six male patients (40-50 years old) with burns and categorized them into three groups based on pruritus outcomes-non-pruritus (NP, did not receive antihistamine), responder (R, pruritus reduced with antihistamine treatment), and non-responder (NR, pruritus persisted despite antihistamine treatment).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder and one of the fastest-growing global public health concerns. The gut microbiota is implicated in the pathophysiology of various diseases, including diabetes. This study utilized 16S rRNA metagenomic data from a volunteer citizen science initiative to investigate microbial markers associated with diabetes status (positive or negative) and type (type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus) using supervised machine learning (ML) models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its interaction with COVID-19-induced social isolation remains poorly understood. This study investigated the longitudinal trajectories of AD severity on cognitive function, functional ability, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and examined the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on AD patients in South Korea. In this retrospective longitudinal study, data from 253 adults (aged ≥ 55) diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD were analyzed, collected between 2018 and 2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Estimating skeletal maturity is crucial for treating pediatric knee conditions. Recently, a knee bone age atlas based on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of pediatric and adolescent population in Southern California (the San Diego atlas) was published. However, its accuracy in other populations has not been verified.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study aimed to prepare oxygen-microbubbles incorporating ferrous porphyrin to emulate the oxygen-capturing ability of hemoglobin porphyrin in red blood cells.
Results: We synthesized poly(2-hydroxyethyl aspartamide) (PHEA) grafted with ferrous porphyrins (Iron-P-PHEA) and created microbubbles using 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. These microbubbles trapped oxygen and retained it over a 2 h period.
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the newly adapted Korean version of the Bad Sobernheim Stress Questionnaire-Brace (K-BSSQ-Brace). The original German BSSQ-Brace was translated, back-translated, and underwent a comprehensive cross-cultural adaptation process. The K-BSSQ-Brace and the previously validated Korean version of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Outcomes Questionnaire (K-SRS-22) were then administered to 120 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study aimed to develop a predictive model for the microsatellite-stable (MSS)/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) subtype of gastric cancer (GC) using computed tomography (CT) radiomics and clinicopathological factors.
Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 418 patients with GC who underwent primary resection and transcriptome analysis with microarray between October 1995 and May 2008. Using preoperative CT images, radiomic features from the volume of interest in the portal venous phase images were extracted.
J Paediatr Child Health
February 2025
Purpose Of Review: Paediatric thyroid cancer management traditionally relied on extrapolation from adult data and, despite good survival outcomes, often involved extensive surgical approaches and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy with potentially life-long complications. Increasing understanding of paediatric diagnostic techniques, molecular tumour drivers and targeted therapies will allow a more nuanced, disease-specific comprehensive model of care. This review summarises recent developments in paediatric thyroid cancer biology, diagnosis and models of care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the increasing use of biocides globally and their widespread application in various formulations, the understanding of the toxicity of biocide mixtures remains limited. We previously identified cetylpyridinium chloride and dinotefuran as a potential binary biocidal combination associated with pulmonary fibrosis, based on two intersecting adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) using the molecular initiating events (MIE) modeling method and in vitro testing. These compounds activate or inhibit toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), which are associated with pathways having the potential to cause pulmonary fibrosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThyrogen, a recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH), has a short half-life in the bloodstream, which necessitates multiple doses during treatment. Therefore, we developed a new long-acting rhTSH using anti-serum albumin Fab-associated (SAFA) technology to validate its biological activity through in vitro assays, pharmacokinetic studies in healthy mice and pharmacodynamics studies in a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-suppressed mouse model. SAFA-TSH was produced using a Chinese hamster ovary expression system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeptic arthritis (SA) are rare in patients with burns, but delayed treatment can result in irreversible joint destruction. Early diagnosis and immediate treatment are necessary to prevent joint destruction. Robot training in patients with musculoskeletal diseases and burns, can improve joint range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, and lower extremity function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: Skin microbiome dysbiosis can cause skin barrier dysfunction and stimulate scar property change. Skin barrier disruption post-burn injury leads to an imbalance in skin microbe diversity and distribution. We aimed to examine the changes in the skin microbiome of re-epithelialized burn scars.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe use of whole-body MRI (WBMRI) in children, from infancy to adolescence, has expanded rapidly over the past decade, with increasing uptake and a broadening range of clinical indications. Current indications include screening for presymptomatic lesions in cancer predisposition syndromes; tumor staging in known malignancies; investigating fevers of unknown origin; as well as diagnosing and monitoring rheumatologic diseases, vascular anomalies and neuromuscular disorders. This AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review aims to offer a comprehensive discussion of WBMRI in pediatric patients, exploring protocols and other technical considerations, clinical indications, implementation challenges and troubleshooting, as well as controversies in widespread adoption, while considering emerging trends and directions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Varicella can lead to severe complications in immunocompromised children, including those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or chemotherapy. Preventing primary varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection is crucial in these populations to mitigate morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the live attenuated MAV/06 varicella vaccine in pediatric patients post-HSCT and post-chemotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedicina (Kaunas)
December 2024
Slit1 is a secreted protein that is closely related to cell movement and adhesion. Few studies related to fibrosis exist, and the preponderance of current research is confined to the proliferation and differentiation of neural systems. Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) are delineated by an overproduction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by activated fibroblasts, leading to anomalous fibrosis, which is a severe sequela of burns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs the global population continues to grow and food demands increase, the food industry faces mounting pressure to develop innovative solutions. Cell-cultured meat involves cultivating cells from live animals through self-renewal methods or scaffolding and presents a promising alternative to traditional meat production by generating nutritionally rich biomass. However, significant research is still needed to overcome challenges such as developing serum-free media, identifying suitable additives to support cell growth, and ensuring the quality of cell-cultured meat closely resembles that of traditional meat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Fentanyl, a highly lipophilic opioid, was developed as a sublingual fentanyl tablet (SFT) for the management of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP), and its efficacy and safety were confirmed in a randomized, controlled study. We investigated the effectiveness and safety of SFT administered to alleviate BTcP in a real-world setting.
Materials And Methods: In this prospective, open, single-cohort study, conducted in 13 referral hospitals in South Korea, opioid-tolerant cancer patients receiving around-the-clock opioids for persistent cancer pain were enrolled if the individual had BTcP ≥ 1 episode/day during the preceding week.
Several toxic metals have been associated with metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) in humans. However, knowledge regarding the influence of many trace elements, especially in combination with essential elements is limited. This study aims to address this research gap by investigating the associations of both non-essential and essential inorganic trace elements in urine with DM and obesity, employing a group of postmenopausal women (n = 851) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral meta-analyses have found no association between Graves' disease (GD) and an increased risk of incident diabetes; however, the intricate relationship between thyroid dysfunction and diabetes remains underexplored. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in a population newly diagnosed with GD, focusing on different treatment methods and treatment duration. This was a retrospective population-based study utilizing data from the Korean National Health Insurance database.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Unintentional medication discrepancies during care transitions pose a significant risk for medication errors, particularly in critically ill older patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of such discrepancies during care transitions and their impact on post-discharge emergency department (ED) visits in this patient population.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients aged 65 and older who were on chronic medications and admitted to the intensive care units of emergency departments (ED-ICUs) between 2019 and 2020.
Genes Genomics
February 2025
Background: Obesity causes many complex diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity increases the risk of T2D in Europeans, but there are many non-obese (lean) T2D patients in East Asia.
Objective: To discover genetic factors enriched in obese or lean T2D patients, we conducted a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis for T2D stratified by BMI in the Korean population.
JMIR Public Health Surveill
December 2024
Background: Recently, the phase angle (PhA) has emerged as an essential indicator of cellular health. Most studies have examined its association with physiological conditions, such as sarcopenia, frailty, and physical function, in older populations. Simultaneously, growing attention is being paid to the clinical relevance of segmental PhAs for future applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/objectives: Since the initial approach towards the clinical presentation of soft-tissue masses is challenging for frontline physicians, some countries use clinical practice guidelines. Proper imaging work-up is crucial to differentiate between soft-tissue tumors. Recently, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been widely used.
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