Gender Differences in Preoperative Opioid Use in Spine Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: Opioids are frequently used in spine surgeries despite their adverse effects, including physical dependence and addiction. Gender difference is an important consideration for personalized treatment. There is no review assessing the prevalence of opioid use between men and women before spine surgeries.

Long-Term Opioid Prescriptions After Spine Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Background: Opioids are frequently prescribed for back pain, but the prevalence of and risk factors for long-term opioid use after spine surgery were not clearly reported. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence for long-term opioid use (>90 days) among adults who underwent spine surgery.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane indexing databases were searched until November 9, 2018 for studies reporting the prevalence of and risk factors for long-term opioid use after spine surgery.