High throughput electronic detection of biomarkers using enzymatically amplified metallization on nanostructured surfaces.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are commonly used for clinical biomarker detection. However, they remain resource-intensive and difficult to scale globally. Here we present a miniaturized direct electronic biosensing modality which generates a simple and sensitive, quantitative, resistive readout of analyte binding in immunoassays.

Recent Advances in Genomic Approaches for the Detection of Homologous Recombination Deficiency.

Accurate detection of homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in cancer patients is paramount in clinical applications, as HRD confers sensitivity to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. With the advances in genome sequencing technology, mutational profiling on a genome-wide scale has become readily accessible, and our knowledge of the genomic consequences of HRD has been greatly expanded and refined. Here, we review the recent advances in HRD detection methods.

[F]FDG PET/CT is useful in discriminating invasive adenocarcinomas among pure ground-glass nodules: comparison with CT findings-a bicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: Predicting the malignancy of pure ground-glass nodules (GGNs) using CT is challenging. The optimal role of [F]FDG PET/CT in this context has not been clarified. We compared the performance of [F]FDG PET/CT in evaluating GGNs for predicting invasive adenocarcinomas (IACs) with CT.

RAD51 as an immunohistochemistry-based marker of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor resistance in ovarian cancer.

Objective: Effective functional biomarkers that can be readily used in clinical practice to predict poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) sensitivity are lacking. With the widespread adoption of PARPi maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer, particularly in patients with mutation or HR deficiencies, accurately identifying or acquired resistance to PARPi has become critical in clinical practice. We investigated RAD51 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a functional biomarker for predicting PARPi sensitivity in ovarian cancer.

Durvalumab with or without tremelimumab plus chemotherapy in HRR non-mutated, platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (KGOG 3045): A phase II umbrella trial.

Aim: We investigated the efficacy and safety of durvalumab (D) with or without tremelimumab (T) in addition to single-agent chemotherapy (CT) in patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PROC) lacking homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene mutations.

Patients And Methods: KGOG 3045 was an open-label, investigator-initiated phase II umbrella trial. Patients with PROC without HRR gene mutations who had received ≥2 prior lines of therapy were enrolled.

Serial Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis with a Tumor-Naïve Next-Generation Sequencing Panel Detects Minimal Residual Disease and Predicts Outcome in Ovarian Cancer.

Unlabelled: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may aid in personalizing ovarian cancer therapeutic options. Here, we aimed to assess the clinical utility of serial ctDNA testing using tumor-naïve, small-sized next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels. A total of 296 patients, including 201 with ovarian cancer and 95 with benign or borderline disease, were enrolled.

Triplet maintenance therapy of olaparib, pembrolizumab and bevacizumab in women with BRCA wild-type, platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer: the multicenter, single-arm phase II study OPEB-01/APGOT-OV4.

In this multicenter, open-label, single-arm, Phase II study with Simon two-stage optimum design (NCT04361370), we investigate the efficacy and safety of triplet maintenance (olaparib, pembrolizumab, bevacizumab) in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer who are wild-type for BRCA 1/2. A total of 44 patients were enrolled, and the median follow-up duration was 22.9 months (interquartile range: 17.

Comparison of progression-free survival outcome of sentinel node biopsy without ultrastaging versus lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer: a propensity-matched analysis.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the oncologic outcomes of patients with endometrial cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy without ultrastaging compared with that of those who underwent lymphadenectomy (LND).

Methods: Patients with endometrial cancer who underwent staging with SLN biopsy or LND during 2006 - 2021 were analyzed using propensity score matching (PSM). SLN metastasis was examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, without ultrastaging.

Application of precision medicine based on next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry in ovarian cancer: a real-world experience.

Objective: To evaluate the landscape of gene alterations and immunohistochemistry (IHC) profiles of patients with ovarian cancer for targeted therapy and investigate the real-world experience of applying precision medicine.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer between January 2015 and May 2021 at Severance Hospital and who underwent tumor next-generation sequencing (NGS) were reviewed. Data on germline mutation, IHC markers for mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression were acquired.

Multifaceted Effects of Kinase Inhibitors on Pancreatic Cancer Cells Reveals Pivotal Entities with Therapeutic Implications.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer and is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for over 90% of pancreatic cancers. Most pancreatic cancers are recalcitrant to radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, highlighting the urgent need for novel treatment options for this deadly disease.

Prone position PET/CT is useful in reducing gravity-dependent opacity-related [F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether performing [F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the prone position could reduce [F]FDG uptake in dependent lungs.

Methods: Patients who underwent [F]FDG PET/CT in both supine and prone positions from October 2018 to September 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. [F]FDG uptake of dependent and nondependent lungs was analysed visually and semi-quantitatively.

Comprehensive genomic and immunohistochemical profiles and outcomes of immunotherapy in patients with recurrent or advanced cervical cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate genomic and immunohistochemical (IHC) profiles and immunotherapy outcomes in patients with cervical cancer.

Methods: Patients with recurrent cervical cancer who underwent tumor next-generation sequencing (NGS) with the TruSight Oncology 500 panel at Yonsei Cancer Center between June 2019 and February 2022, were identified. Patients who received treatment with checkpoint inhibitors during the same period were also identified.

Disruption of Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Circuits with Cinnamaldehyde Highlights Potential Targets with Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a major aggressive primary brain tumor with dismal survival outcome and few therapeutic options. Although Temozolomide (TMZ) is a part of the standard therapy, over time, it can cause DNA damage leading to deleterious effects, necessitating the discovery of drugs with minimal side effects. To this end, we investigated the effect of cinnamaldehyde (CA), a highly purified, single ingredient from cinnamon, on the GBM cell lines U87 and U251 and the neuroglioma cell line H4.

Investigation of PARP Inhibitor Resistance Based on Serially Collected Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With BRCA-Mutated Ovarian Cancer.

Purpose: Patient-specific molecular alterations leading to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance are relatively unexplored. In this study, we analyzed serially collected circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with BRCA1/2 mutations who received PARPis to investigate the resistance mechanisms and their significance in postprogression treatment response and survival.

Experimental Design: Patients were prospectively enrolled between January 2018 and December 2021 (NCT05458973).

Clinical Relevance of Uterine Manipulation on Oncologic Outcome in Robot-Assisted versus Open Surgery in the Management of Endometrial Cancer.

In this study, we investigated the impact of uterine manipulation on endometrial cancer survival outcomes. We analyzed patients with endometrial cancer who underwent robot-assisted staging and open staging surgery between 2010 and 2020. Either uterine manipulators or vaginal tubes were utilized in robot-assisted staging.

RAD51/geminin/γH2AX immunohistochemical expression predicts platinum-based chemotherapy response in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma.

Objective: The RAD51 assay is a recently developed functional assay for homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) that reflects real-time HRD status. We aimed to identify the applicability and predictive value of RAD51 immunohistochemical expression in pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) samples of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC).

Methods: We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of RAD51/geminin/γH2AX in ovarian HGSC before and after NAC.

CT Findings of Thymic Epidermoid Cyst in the Anterior Mediastinum: A Case Report and Literature Review.

An epidermoid cyst is a benign tumor found anywhere in the body. However, the occurrence of epidermoid cysts in the thymus is extremely rare, with only six cases reported worldwide. The correct diagnosis of thymic epidermoid cysts is often difficult due to the unusual location and nonspecific imaging findings.

Enhanced Enzymatically Amplified Metallization on Nanostructured Surfaces for Multiplexed Point-of-Care Electrical Detection of COVID-19 Biomarkers.

Inexpensive yet sensitive and specific biomarker detection is a critical bottleneck in diagnostics, monitoring, and surveillance of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Multiplexed detection of several biomarkers can achieve wider diagnostic applicability, accuracy, and ease-of-use, while reducing cost. Current biomarker detection methods often use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with optical detection which offers high sensitivity and specificity.

Feasibility and clinical applicability of genomic profiling based on cervical smear samples in patients with endometrial cancer.

Purpose: Cervical smear samples are easily obtainable and may effectively reflect the tumor microenvironment in gynecological cancers. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of genomic profiling based on tumor DNA analysis from cervical smear samples from endometrial cancer patients.

Materials And Methods: Preoperative cervical smear samples were obtained vaginal sampling in 50 patients, including 39 with endometrial cancer and 11 with benign uterine disease.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in high-risk endometrial cancer: performance, outcomes, and future avenues.

Endometrial cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy worldwide, with an overall favorable prognosis. However, a subgroup of patients has a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. This review summarizes recently published articles that examined sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer.