Glutamine-derived aspartate is required for eIF5A hypusination-mediated translation of HIF-1α to induce the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are vital contributors to the growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the exact phenotype of TAMs and the mechanisms underlying their modulation for therapeutic purposes have not been determined. Here, we present compelling evidence that glutamine-derived aspartate in TAMs stimulates spermidine production through the polyamine synthesis pathway, thereby increasing the translation efficiency of HIF-1α via eIF5A hypusination.

Benign Intranodal Thyroid Tissue Similar to Nodal Metastasis of Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report.

In patients with thyroid nodules, if the cervical lymph nodes gradually enlarge, a histological confirmation is required to rule out malignancy. Here is a case of benign intranodal thyroid tissue with cystic changes resembling lymph node metastasis of a papillary thyroid carcinoma. A 47-year-old man received ethanol sclerotherapy because of repeated enlargement of the thyroid gland 2 years prior to presentation.

Mixed ganglioneuroma and cortical adenoma in adrenal gland: A case report.

Rationale: Adrenal mixed corticomedullary tumors (MCMTs) are single tumor masses composed of an intimately admixed population of both adrenal cortical cells and medullary components. Most medullary tumor components are pheochromocytomas; however, MCMTs composed of ganglioneuroma and adrenal cortical adenoma are extremely rare. The current case is a rare case of adrenal MCMT composed of ganglioneuroma and adrenal cortical adenoma with primary aldosteronism.

Prognostic value of the metabolic score obtained via [F]FDG PET/CT and a new prognostic staging system for gastric cancer.

We developed and validated a new staging system that includes metabolic information from pretreatment [F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for predicting disease-specific survival (DSS) in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Overall, 731 GC patients undergoing preoperative [F]FDG PET/CT were enrolled and divided into the training (n = 543) and validation (n = 188) cohorts. A metabolic score (MS) was developed by combining the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor (T_SUVmax) and metastatic lymph node (N_SUVmax).

A tissue attached to self-expandable metal stents for biliary stricture could be useful to find malignancy.

Biliary strictures can have several benign or malignant causes. We attempted to determine the usefulness of establishing a diagnosis using self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) in a prospective series of patients with suspected malignant biliary obstruction. Data of patients who underwent SEMS removal from August 2016 to December 2019 were collected.

Primary Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas: A Rare Case Report.

Most pancreatic carcinoma is ductal adenocarcinoma. Primary pancreatic clear cell carcinomas composed almost entirely of clear tumor cells are very rare. We present a case of a 72-year-old man with a pancreatic mass, which was detected on abdominal computed tomography (CT).

A Case of Hepatic Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Presenting as an Inflammatory Pseudotumor and Sclerosing Cholangitis.

An inflammatory pseudotumor is a benign disease characterized by tumor-like lesions consisting of inflammatory cells including plasma cells and fibrous tissue. Recently, some inflammatory pseudotumor cases proved to be a form of Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD). This novel clinical entity, recognized as a fibroinflammatory condition, is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with a predominance of IgG4-positive plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and often elevated serum IgG4 concentrations.

Long-termrecording performance of flexible penetrating microelectrode arrays.

. Neural interfaces are an essential tool to enable the human body to directly communicate with machines such as computers or prosthetic robotic arms. Since invasive electrodes can be located closer to target neurons, they have advantages such as precision in stimulation and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in recording, while they often exhibit unstable performance in long-termimplantation because of the tissue damage caused by the electrodes insertion.

A 3D flexible neural interface based on a microfluidic interconnection cable capable of chemical delivery.

The demand for multifunctional neural interfaces has grown due to the need to provide a better understanding of biological mechanisms related to neurological diseases and neural networks. Direct intracerebral drug injection using microfluidic neural interfaces is an effective way to deliver drugs to the brain, and it expands the utility of drugs by bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In addition, uses of implantable neural interfacing devices have been challenging due to inevitable acute and chronic tissue responses around the electrodes, pointing to a critical issue still to be overcome.

Standardization of the pathologic diagnosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms.

Although the understanding of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) and their relationship with disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease have advanced, the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of AMNs are still confusing for pathologists and clinicians. The Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists (GPSG-KSP) proposed a multicenter study and held a workshop for the "Standardization of the Pathologic Diagnosis of the Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm" to overcome the controversy and potential conflicts. The present article is focused on the diagnostic criteria, terminologies, tumor grading, pathologic staging, biologic behavior, treatment, and prognosis of AMNs and disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease.

An Intrafascicular Neural Interface With Enhanced Interconnection for Recording of Peripheral Nerve Signals.

For implantable devices, Parylene C (hereafter referred to as Parylene) has shown promising properties such as flexibility, biocompatibility, biostability, and good barrier properties. Parylene-based flexible interconnection cable (FIC) was previously developed to connect a flexible penetrating microelectrode array (FPMA) with a recording system. However, Parylene-based FIC was difficult to handle and prone to damage during the implantation surgery because of its low mechanical strength.

Development of an intrafascicular neural interface for peripheral nerve implantation.

This paper describes an intrafascicular neural interface for peripheral nerve implantation. The flexible penetrating microelectrode array with varying lengths (vl-FPMA), interconnection cable, wireless recording and stimulator modules were designed and fabricated to detect neural signals from the peripheral nerves or to stimulate them. The vl-FPMA consisted of silicon needles and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) platform supporting the needles.

Decreased Expression of Sulfatase 2 in the Brains of Alzheimer's Disease Patients: Implications for Regulation of Neuronal Cell Signaling.

Background: The human sulfatase 1 (SULF1) and sulfatase 2 (SULF2) genes modulate cell signaling and homeostasis in many tissues. Gene expression analyses have implicated SULF2 in disease pathogenesis, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), but changes in brain SULF2 expression have not been directly established.

Objective: To investigate the expression of SULF1 and SULF2 in brain tissues from AD cases and cognitively normal controls.

Spirally-patterned pinhole arrays for long-term fluorescence cell imaging.

Fluorescence cell imaging using a fluorescence microscope is an extensively used technique to examine the cell nucleus, internal structures, and other cellular molecules with fluorescence response time and intensity. However, it is difficult to perform high resolution cell imaging for a long period of time with this technique due to necrosis and apoptosis depending on the type and subcellular location of the damage caused by phototoxicity. A large number of studies have been performed to resolve this problem, but researchers have struggled to meet the challenge between cellular viability and image resolution.