Extract, Including Caffeoylquinic Acids as the Main Constituents, Induces PPAR β/δ-Dependent Muscle-Type Change and Myogenesis in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice.

To probe the functions of (AG) extract containing various caffeoylquinic acids on dyslipidemia, obesity, and skeletal muscle-related diseases focused on the roles of skeletal muscle, we measured the levels of biomarkers involved in oxidative phosphorylation and type change of skeletal muscle in CC cells and skeletal muscle tissues from apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. After AG extract treatment in cell and animal experiments, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to estimate the levels of proteins that participated in skeletal muscle type change and oxidative phosphorylation. AG extract elevated protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), phosphorylated 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ), myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD), and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissues.

Buspirone Induces Weight Loss and Normalization of Blood Pressure via the Stimulation of PPAR Dependent Energy Producing Pathway in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Introduction: Buspirone, as a partial agonist for a 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A (5-HT1A), has been prescribed as an anxiolytic drug for patients. In addition, the lowering effect of serotonin on blood pressure was reported in hypertensive animal model. We investigated the therapeutic mechanism of buspirone against lipid metabolism disturbed by hypertension of early stage via hypertensive and obese animal model.

Fimasartan Ameliorates Deteriorations in Glucose Metabolism in a High Glucose State by Regulating Skeletal Muscle and Liver Cells.

Purpose: Since diabetes and hypertension frequently occur together, it is thought that these conditions may have a common pathogenesis. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic function of the anti-hypertensive drug fimasartan on C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle and HepG2 human liver cells in a high glucose state.

Materials And Methods: The anti-diabetic effects and mechanism of fimasartan were identified using Western blot, glucose uptake tests, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) analysis, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence staining for diabetic biomarkers in C2C12 cells.

Stimulation of Alpha-1-Adrenergic Receptor Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Cataracts by Activating Glycolysis and Inhibiting Cataract-Inducing Factors.

Background: Obesity, the prevalence of which is increasing due to the lack of exercise and increased consumption of Westernized diets, induces various complications, including ophthalmic diseases. For example, obesity is involved in the onset of cataracts.

Methods: To clarify the effects and mechanisms of midodrine, an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist, in cataracts induced by obesity, we conducted various analytic experiments in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a rat model of obesity.

The Effects of Nurses' Knowledge of Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment, Death Anxiety, Perceptions of Hospice on Their Attitudes toward Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment.

Purpose: This descriptive study investigated the effects of nurses' knowledge of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, death anxiety, and perceptions of hospice care on their attitudes toward withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment.

Methods: Data were collected from 262 nurses at tertiary hospitals, general hospitals, or primary hospitals in Busan, Korea, and statistically analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis.

Results: The participants' scores were 3.

Aspirin Improves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Atherosclerosis through Regulation of the PPAR-AMPK-PGC-1 Pathway in Dyslipidemic Conditions.

This study is aimed at elucidating how aspirin could systemically and simultaneously normalize nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis through both and studies in hyperlipidemic conditions. We evaluated the effects and mechanism of aspirin on the levels of various biomarkers related to NAFLD, atherosclerosis, and oxidative phosphorylation in cells and animals of hyperlipidemic conditions. The protein levels of biomarkers (PPAR, AMPK, and PGC-1) involved in oxidative phosphorylation in both the vascular endothelial and liver cells were elevated by the aspirin in hyperlipidemic condition.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Novel Hyaluronic Acid-Polynucleotide Complex Dermal Filler.

HA (Hyaluronic acid) filler, the most commonly used dermal filler, causes several side effects. HA-PN (Hyaluronic acid-Polynucleotide), a new composite filler, has excellent biocompatibility and induces tissue regeneration. In this study, we compare the efficacies and safety profiles of these fillers.

Corrigendum to "Caffeoylquinic Acid-Rich Extract of F. Schmidt Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver through the Regulation of PPAR and Adiponectin in ApoE KO Mice".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/3912567.].

6-Gingerol Normalizes the Expression of Biomarkers Related to Hypertension via PPAR in HUVECs, HEK293, and Differentiated 3T3-L1 Cells.

Hypertension is a disease with a high prevalence and high mortality rates worldwide. In addition, various factors, such as genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and the abnormality of organs related to blood pressure, are involved in the development of hypertension. However, at present, there are few available drugs for hypertension that do not induce side effects.

Extract Containing Caffeoylquinic Compounds Protects Human Keratinocytes through the TRPV4-PPAR-AMPK Pathway.

(AG) has been used in cooking and as a medicine to treat various diseases for over hundreds of years in Korea. To speculate the protective effects of AG on skin barrier, we estimated the protein levels of biomarkers related to skin barrier protection in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cells treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The protein levels for keratin, involucrin, defensin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 2 (SPTLC2), and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) were evaluated using western blotting or immunocytochemistry in HaCaT cells.

Caffeoylquinic Acid-Rich Extract of F. Schmidt Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver through the Regulation of PPAR and Adiponectin in ApoE KO Mice.

is well known for its therapeutic properties. This study was performed to investigate the effects of on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in atherosclerotic condition, by determining the levels of biomarkers related to lipid metabolism and inflammation in serum, liver, and adipose tissue. Body and abdominal adipose tissue weights and serum triglyceride level decreased in all groups treated with .

Fimasartan Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through PPAR Regulation in Hyperlipidemic and Hypertensive Conditions.

To investigate the effects of fimasartan on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in hyperlipidemic and hypertensive conditions, the levels of biomarkers related to fatty acid metabolism were determined in HepG2 and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells treated by high fatty acid and liver and visceral fat tissue samples of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) given high-fat diet. In HepG2 cells and liver tissues, fimasartan was shown to increase the protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR), phosphorylated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-ACC), malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1), and it led to a decrease in the protein levels of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11-HSDH1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-). Fimasartan decreased lipid contents in HepG2 and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and liver tissues.