Development and operation of a digital platform for sharing pathology image data.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) research is highly dependent on the nature of the data available. With the steady increase of AI applications in the medical field, the demand for quality medical data is increasing significantly. We here describe the development of a platform for providing and sharing digital pathology data to AI researchers, and highlight challenges to overcome in operating a sustainable platform in conjunction with pathologists.

A literature review of quality, costs, process-associated with digital pathology.

Digital pathology incorporates the acquisition, management, sharing, and interpretation of pathological information, including slides and data, in a digital environment. Digital slides are created using a scanning device to capture a high-resolution image on glass slides for analysis on a computer or a mobile device. Though digital pathology has drastically grown over the last 10 years and has created opportunities to support specialists, few have attempted to address its full-scale implementation in routine clinical practice.

PAIP 2019: Liver cancer segmentation challenge.

Pathology Artificial Intelligence Platform (PAIP) is a free research platform in support of pathological artificial intelligence (AI). The main goal of the platform is to construct a high-quality pathology learning data set that will allow greater accessibility. The PAIP Liver Cancer Segmentation Challenge, organized in conjunction with the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention Society (MICCAI 2019), is the first image analysis challenge to apply PAIP datasets.

Evidence-based, Skin-directed Treatments for Cutaneous Chronic Graft-versus-host Disease.

Chronic graft-versus host disease (cGVHD) occurs in 30% to 70% of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Cutaneous cGVHD affects 75% of cGVHD patients, causing discomfort, limiting the range of movement, and increasing the risk of wound infections. Furthermore, systemic immunosuppression is often needed to treat cGVHD and long-term use can lead to adverse events.

Anastrozole-Induced Dermatitis: Report of a Woman with an Anastrozole-Associated Dermatosis and a Review of Aromatase Inhibitor-Related Cutaneous Adverse Events.

Anastrozole is an aromatase inhibitor. Anastrozole competitively inhibits the aromatase enzyme, which synthesizes estrogen. It is used for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers.

Dilemma in management of hemorrhagic myositis in dermatomyositis.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory disorder affecting the muscle and skin. DM patients can present with spontaneous muscle hemorrhage, a potentially fatal complication. The best practice for management of hemorrhagic myositis in these patients remains unclear.

Blue Nevus Developing at a Combined Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccination Site: Case Report and Summary of Vaccine-Associated Cutaneous Lesions.

Skin reaction may develop at the site of vaccine administration. A 54-year-old woman who developed a cellular blue nevus at the site of the combined tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine injection four years prior to presentation is described. In addition to blue nevus, other reactions at combined tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis vaccine injection sites include abscess, deep reactive nodular infiltrates of mixed inflammation, and necrotizing granuloma.

Effectiveness of Interventions for Breast Cancer Screening in African American Women: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to report the results of a meta-analysis conducted on the effects of clinical trials in breast cancer screening for African American women between 1997 and 2017.

Data Sources: Articles published in English and in the United States, between January 1997 and March 2017, were eligible for inclusion if they (1) conducted psychosocial, behavioral, or educational interventions designed to increase screening mammography rates in predominantly African American women of all ages; (2) utilized a randomized, controlled trial (RCT) design; and (3) reported quantitative screening rates following the intervention.

Study Design: Randomized clinical trials on breast cancer screening in African American women, published between January 1997 and March 2017, were selected from database searches.

Reconstituting development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia from primary human pancreas duct cells.

Development of systems that reconstitute hallmark features of human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanINs), the precursor to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, could generate new strategies for early diagnosis and intervention. However, human cell-based PanIN models with defined mutations are unavailable. Here, we report that genetic modification of primary human pancreatic cells leads to development of lesions resembling native human PanINs.

Does Sense of Control Predict Depression Among Individuals After Psychiatric Hospital Discharge?

Sense of control is known to be related to depression. Yet, few studies have examined the role of sense of control as related to depression for discharged psychiatric patients. In this study the longitudinal relationship between sense of control and depressive mood was examined using the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study, a 6-wave, 1-year study of 948 ethnically diverse postdischarge psychiatric patients.

Hyper-Acetylation of Histone H3K56 Limits Break-Induced Replication by Inhibiting Extensive Repair Synthesis.

Break-induced replication (BIR) has been implicated in restoring eroded telomeres and collapsed replication forks via single-ended invasion and extensive DNA synthesis on the recipient chromosome. Unlike other recombination subtypes, DNA synthesis in BIR likely relies heavily on mechanisms enabling efficient fork progression such as chromatin modification. Herein we report that deletion of HST3 and HST4, two redundant de-acetylases of histone H3 Lysine 56 (H3K56), inhibits BIR, sensitizes checkpoint deficient cells to deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pool depletion, and elevates translocation-type gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCR).

Repair of DNA double-strand breaks by templated nucleotide sequence insertions derived from distant regions of the genome.

We used the I-SceI endonuclease to produce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and observed that a fraction of these DSBs were repaired by insertion of sequences, which we termed "templated sequence insertions" (TSIs), derived from distant regions of the genome. These TSIs were derived from genic, retrotransposon, or telomere sequences and were not deleted from the donor site in the genome, leading to the hypothesis that they were derived from reverse-transcribed RNA. Cotransfection of RNA and an I-SceI expression vector demonstrated insertion of RNA-derived sequences at the DNA-DSB site, and TSIs were suppressed by reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.

A three-dimensional model of the yeast genome.

Layered on top of information conveyed by DNA sequence and chromatin are higher order structures that encompass portions of chromosomes, entire chromosomes, and even whole genomes. Interphase chromosomes are not positioned randomly within the nucleus, but instead adopt preferred conformations. Disparate DNA elements co-localize into functionally defined aggregates or 'factories' for transcription and DNA replication.

Hs.137007 is a novel epigenetic marker hypermethylated and up-regulated in breast cancer.

This study was conducted to mine novel breast-specific unigenes and analyze their epigenetic regulation in breast cancer. Differential digital display and methylation analysis identified the Hs.137007 gene containing a Kelch domain as a candidate novel epigenetic marker.

Development of ELISAs for the class-specific determination of organophosphorus pesticides.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the class-specific determination of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides were developed from monoclonal antibodies raised against haptens with the functional group common to OP pesticides. To develop antigen-coated, indirect, competitive ELISAs, four haptens with different spacer arm structures were used to prepare antibodies, while eight haptens were tested for use as coating antigens. A total of 32 ELISAs were developed with one selected as the most suitable one based on average IC(50) and % CV values.

Characterization of mouse synaptic vesicle-2-associated protein (Msvop) specifically expressed in the mouse central nervous system.

In this study, we identified and characterized a mouse brain-enriched unigene (msvop) after performing digital differential display. Msvop was the mouse ortholog of Xenopus synaptic vesicle-2-associated protein (svop), the molecular characteristics of which were unknown. The 3125-bp full-length cDNA encoded a 548-aa protein of approximately 60 kDa.

Effects of soybean isoflavone extract on the plasma lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The present study evaluated the effects of various dosages of soybean isoflavone extract on lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The one normal control group was fed an AIN-76-based experimental diet and four diabetic groups were fed the same diet, supplemented with four different levels of soybean isoflavone extract for seven weeks. The daily dosages of pure isoflavone for four diabetic groups were set to be 0 mg (diabetic control), 0.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the insecticide fenitrothion. Influence of hapten conformation and sample matrix on assay performance.

This study aimed at developing competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the organophosphorus (OP) insecticide fenitrothion using a monoclonal antibody. The hapten used to obtain the antibody had an ideal structural feature that allowed minimal functional group sacrifice. By using the antibody and a coating antigen, a competitive indirect ELISA was developed, which showed an IC50 of 14 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 3.

Nasal augmentation using injectable alginate and mesenchymal stem cells in the rabbit.

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of the autogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) impregnated in an injectable alginate gel containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for nasal augmentation in rabbit model.

Methods: Bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated and expanded from New Zealand white rabbits. At confluence, the cells were mixed with sodium alginate solution.

A case of medullomyoblastoma of cerebellopontine angle mimicking acoustic neuroma.

Medulloblastoma is a common malignant central nervous system neoplasm found mainly in children. One the contrary, medulloblastoma of the cerebellopontine angle, the location of the tumor is very unusual. This is the the first case of the medullomyoblastoma, a rare form of medulloblastoma, occurring in the cerebellopontine angle.