ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Pyelonephritis: 2022 Update.

Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a severe urinary tract infection (UTI) that has the potential to cause sepsis, shock, and death. In the majority of patients, uncomplicated APN is diagnosed clinically and is responsive to treatment with appropriate antibiotics. In patients who are high risk or when treatment is delayed, microabscesses may coalesce to form an acute renal abscess.

Classification Framework of the Bearing Faults of an Induction Motor Using Wavelet Scattering Transform-Based Features.

In the machine learning and data science pipelines, feature extraction is considered the most crucial component according to researchers, where generating a discriminative feature matrix is the utmost challenging task to achieve high classification accuracy. Generally, the classical feature extraction techniques are sensitive to the noisy component of the signal and need more time for training. To deal with these issues, a comparatively new feature extraction technique, referred to as a wavelet scattering transform (WST) is utilized, and incorporated with ML classifiers to design a framework for bearing fault classification in this paper.

Association between Osteoporosis and Meniere's Disease: Two Longitudinal Follow-Up Cohort Studies.

A high rate of Meniere's disease (MD) in patients with osteoporosis has been suggested. This research intended to estimate the bidirectional association of MD with osteoporosis. The ≥40-year-old population in the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort 2002-2019 was examined.

Isoflavone-Enriched Soybean Leaves (Glycine Max) Alleviate Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy and Modulate PI3K/Akt Signaling in the Hippocampus of C57BL6 Mice.

(1) Background: The estrogen decline during perimenopause can induce various disorders, including cognitive impairment. Phytoestrogens, such as isoflavones, lignans, and coumestans, have been tried as a popular alternative to avoid the side effects of conventional hormone replacement therapy, but their exact mechanisms and risk are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of isoflavone-enriched soybean leaves (IESLs) on the cognitive impairment induced by ovariectomy in female mice.

Electrical Resistivity and Joule Heating Characteristics of Cementitious Composites Incorporating Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fibers.

This study investigates the electrical heating (also known as Joule heating) characteristics of cementitious composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon fibers (CF) as electrically conductive media in an attempt to develop an eco-friendly and sustainable solution to snow and ice removal on roadway pavements during the winter season. Various dosages of CNT and CF between 0 and 1.0% (by weight of cement) were tested to find the optimum mixture proportions that yield high-energy and efficient electrical-heating performance with superior mechanical properties.

The Reciprocal Relationship between Osteoporosis and Renal Stones.

Previous studies have proposed an association between osteoporosis and renal stones. The current analyses intended to investigate the bidirectional relationship between osteoporosis and renal stones. The ≥40-year-old population in the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening cohort (2002-2015) was analyzed.

A room-temperature polarization-sensitive CMOS terahertz camera based on quantum-dot-enhanced terahertz-to-visible photon upconversion.

Detection of terahertz (THz) radiation has many potential applications, but presently available detectors are limited in many aspects of their performance, including sensitivity, speed, bandwidth and operating temperature. Most do not allow the characterization of THz polarization states. Recent observation of THz-driven luminescence in quantum dots offers a possible detection mechanism via field-driven interdot charge transfer.

How Structure-Function Relationships of 1,4-Naphthoquinones Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Pathogens.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top ten health-related threats worldwide. Among several antimicrobial agents, naphthoquinones (NQs) of plant/chemical origin possess enormous structural and functional diversity and are effective against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. 1,4-NQs possess alkyl, hydroxyl, halide, and metal groups as side chains on their double-ring structure, predominantly at the C-2, C-3, C-5, and C-8 positions.

Zinc Carboxylate Surface Passivation for Enhanced Optical Properties of In(Zn)P Colloidal Quantum Dots.

Indium phosphide (InP) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have generated great interest as next-generation light-emitting materials owing to their narrow emission spectra and environment-friendly components. The minimized surface defects is essential to achieve narrow full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, InP CQDs are readily oxidized in ambient condition, which results in formation of oxidation defect states on the surface of InP CQDs.

Changes in Otorhinolaryngologic Disease Incidences before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea.

This study aimed to investigate the change in the incidence and variance of otorhinolaryngologic diseases during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The entire Korean population (~50 million) was evaluated for the monthly incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases of upper respiratory infection (URI), influenza, acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess, acute laryngitis and bronchitis, stomatitis and related lesions, acute sinusitis, rhinitis, otitis media, and dizziness from January 2018 through March 2021 using the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes with the data of the Korea National Health Insurance Service. The differences in the mean incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases before and during COVID-19 were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Artificial Intelligence-Powered Whole-Slide Image Analyzer Reveals a Distinctive Distribution of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Despite the importance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and PD-L1 expression to the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response, a comprehensive assessment of these biomarkers has not yet been conducted in neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN). We collected 218 NENs from multiple organs, including 190 low/intermediate-grade NENs and 28 high-grade NENs. TIL distribution was derived from Lunit SCOPE IO, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) analyzer, as developed from 17,849 whole slide images.

Thyroid Cancer and Psoriasis: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Previous researchers have suggested an elevated risk of thyroid cancer (TC) in patients with psoriasis with mixed results. The current study evaluated the relationship of psoriasis with the risk of TC in an adult population. The data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service—Health Screening Cohort ≥ 40 years old were analyzed.

Diagnostic value of α-synuclein seeding amplification assays in α-synucleinopathies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Alpha-synuclein(αSyn) aggregates are definite pathological hallmarks of α-synucleinopathies. Seeding amplification assays (SAAs) have been developed to detect trace amounts of αSyn oligomers in vivo..

Nano-optical designs for high-efficiency monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells.

Perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells offer the possibility of overcoming the power conversion efficiency limit of conventional silicon solar cells. Various textured tandem devices have been presented aiming at improved optical performance, but optimizing film growth on surface-textured wafers remains challenging. Here we present perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells with periodic nanotextures that offer various advantages without compromising the material quality of solution-processed perovskite layers.

Obesity Is Positively Associated and Alcohol Intake Is Negatively Associated with Nephrolithiasis.

The current research investigated the impacts of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity on the development of nephrolithiasis. We included ≥40-year-old Koreans from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. A total of 28,395 nephrolithiasis patients were compared with 113,580 control participants.

Association between Urolithiasis and History Proton Pump Inhibitor Medication: A Nested Case-Control Study.

A few retrospective studies have suggested the risk of urolithiasis associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The current research intended to estimate the risk of urolithiasis according to previous PPI use. A nested case-control study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort in Korea.

Enhancing Administrative Claims Data: Feasibility, Validation and Application of Linking Medicare Claims Data and National Marrow Donor Program Search Data.

Purpose: Administrative claims data provide real-world service utilization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, but lacks insight into treatment delays or barriers. The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP)/Be The Match Search (Search) data contains information on donor search, but lacks information on treatment received if allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is not performed. We hypothesized that linking these two data sets would create a rich resource to define factors associated with receiving HCT that could not be evaluated with either data set alone.

Contrasting presentations of the same disease: A comparison of two cases of amyloidosis presenting with eyelid involvement.

Purpose: Localized amyloidosis can affect numerous tissues throughout the body and can also affect a variety of peri-ocular tissues including the conjunctiva, extra-ocular muscles, peri-orbital soft tissue, and lacrimal gland. We report two cases of amyloidosis presenting with eyelid involvement.

Observations: The first case represented a more subtle presentation of skin thickening with a pre-septal cellulitis, while the second case had a dramatic presentation of edema evolving into tissue dehiscence and spontaneous hemorrhage with ongoing angioedema and systemic coagulopathy.

Social media-based interventions for adolescent and young adult mental health: A scoping review.

Background: Mental health conditions are common among adolescents and young adults, yet few receive adequate mental health treatment. Many young people seek support and information online through social media, and report preferences for digital interventions. Thus, digital interventions deployed through social media have promise to reach a population not yet engaged in treatment, and at risk of worsening symptoms.

Clinical Prediction Model for Antibody-Mediated Rejection: A Strategy to Minimize Surveillance Endomyocardial Biopsies After Heart Transplantation.

Background: In heart transplantation, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a major contributor to patient morbidity and mortality. Multiple routine endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) remain the gold standard to detect AMR, but this invasive procedure suffers from many limitations. We aimed to develop and validate an AMR risk model to improve individual risk stratification of AMR.

Widespread false gene gains caused by duplication errors in genome assemblies.

Background: False duplications in genome assemblies lead to false biological conclusions. We quantified false duplications in popularly used previous genome assemblies for platypus, zebra finch, and Anna's Hummingbird, and their new counterparts of the same species generated by the Vertebrate Genomes Project, of which the Vertebrate Genomes Project pipeline attempted to eliminate false duplications through haplotype phasing and purging. These assemblies are among the first generated by the Vertebrate Genomes Project where there was a prior chromosomal level reference assembly to compare with.