Airyprime beams are known for their powerful autofocusing property, which are further enhanced by the introduction of a circular structure-circular Airyprime beam (CAPB). We derive an asymptotic expression of the CAPB in Fourier space (FS) and verify its accuracy by the numerical Fourier transform (FT) method. Through FS modulation on it, adjustable control of autofocusing property of the FS-modulated CAPB can be achieved, whose lower and upper limits can reach 8.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell fate decisions remain poorly understood at the molecular level. Embryogenesis provides a unique opportunity to analyze molecular details associated with cell fate decisions. Works based on model organisms have provided a conceptual framework of genes that specify cell fate control, for example, transcription factors (TFs) controlling processes from pluripotency to immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA tunnel shading shed is crucial in improving driving safety as a type of traffic facility to ease the transition of light environments. To study the effect of installation of a shading shed on the visual characteristics of drivers in the connecting zone of the adjacent tunnels, a total of 32 drivers were gathered to perform a real vehicle experiment. The study zone of the adjacent tunnels was divided into three sections: upstream tunnel exit; connecting zone; and downstream tunnel threshold zone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis Data in Brief (DiB) article presents the differences in cycling behaviors related to violations, errors, and positive behaviors by region. The study data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire applied to a full sample of 7,001 participants from 19 countries, distributed over 5 continents. This paper proposes descriptive statistics, as well as common statistical tests.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBy designing the intricate coherence structure, we are able to create a desired beam profile and trajectory. Our research focus lies on the Fourier plane, specifically emphasizing the coherence of spatial frequencies, and we find it can be seen as a constant system response. A theoretical framework is developed, and experimental studies are conducted to generate a light field of the spatial spectrum with a complex correlation using the pseudo-mode superposition method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
August 2024
Myocardial infarction is a worldwide disease with high morbidity and mortality and a major cause of chronic heart failure, seriously affecting patients' quality of life. Natural medicine has been used to cure or prevent cardiovascular disease for decades. As a natural flavonoid, anthocyanidin has been used to treat many diseases due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and other properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Aluminum phosphide (AlP) is a well-known toxic compound used as an agricultural pesticide to prevent insect damage to stored crops. However, even if just a small amount was consumed, it caused lasting harm to the human body and, in acute concentrations, death. The current study employed cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) to reduce oxidative stress and various harmful outcomes of AlP poisoning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The tunnel section is a complex traffic scenario and an accident prone area. There are differences in the performance of different driving groups in tunnel environments, which may have an impact on traffic safety.
Objective: To study the differences in the impact of tunnel environment on professional and non-professional drivers.
It is a highly significant area of research to investigate how to effectively enhance the focusing ability of abruptly auto-focusing beams (AAFBs) while extending the focal length. We introduce a dual-region parabolic trajectory offset modulation to auto-focusing ring Pearcey beams (RPBs), presenting a novel, to the best of our knowlege, approach to extend the focal length while greatly enhancing their auto-focusing capabilities. Unlike directly introducing a linear chirp, which inevitably shortens the focal length to enhance the auto-focusing ability and allows only single focusing in the RPBs, our scheme can achieve a multi-focusing effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis
July 2023
A virtual source (VS) is a hypothetical source instead of an actual physical entity, but provides a distinctive perspective to understand physical fields in a source-free area. In this work, we generalize the VS theory to structured partially coherent light fields (PCLFs) by establishing the partially coherent inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation, then demonstrate that PCLFs can be generated from the incoherent extended VS in imaginary space. Especially, we put forward an understanding of the Gaussian Schell-model beam, which consists of a group of partially coherent paraxial complex rays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow does economic inequality relate to prosocial behaviour? Existing theories and empirical studies from multiple disciplines have produced mixed results. Here we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to systematically synthesize empirical studies. Results from 192 effect sizes and over 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this Letter, we present an approach for particle manipulation utilizing twisted circle Pearcey vortex beams. These beams are modulated by a noncanonical spiral phase, which allows for flexible adjustment of rotation characteristics and spiral patterns. Consequently, particles can be rotated around the beam's axis and trapped with a protective barrier to avoid perturbation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe gut microbiome has emerged as a crucial player in developing and progressing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have highlighted the role of microbial metabolites in modulating immune cell function and their impact on CVD. Macrophages, which have a significant function in the pathogenesis of CVD, are very vulnerable to the effects of microbial metabolites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeer relationships play an important role in the growth of children. This study offers insights about feelings of fear and inferiority in children's peer relationships. Based on a national survey, the 2018 Construction for Social Policy Support System for Urban and Rural Poor Families in China, initiated by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and using multiple regression models and a structural equation model, this study discusses whether and how having a rural household registration or being from a poor () family has an isolation effect on fear and inferiority in children's peer relationships.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
September 2021
To study the influence of the driving environment of an undersea tunnel on driver EEG (electroencephalography) characteristics and driving safety, a real vehicle experiment was performed in the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel. The experimental data of the drivers' real vehicle experiment were collected using an illuminance meter, EEG instrument, video recorder and other experimental equipment. The undersea tunnel is divided into different areas, and the distribution law of driving environment characteristics, EEG characteristics and vehicle speed characteristics is analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolitical ideology not only influences political activities, but also apolitical fields such as charitable giving. However, empirical studies regarding political ideology and charitable giving have yielded mixed results. To find out the effect size and explain the variation in effect sizes, we deploy a meta-analysis to estimate the average effect size and examine the potential moderators from four perspectives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
July 2020
A new external oxidant-free electrochemical dehydrogenative cross-coupling of xanthenes and ketones for the preparation of functionalized 9-alkyl-9H-xanthenes was developed. This method enables the formation of a new C(sp)-C(sp) bond through release of H as the major byproduct at room temperature, and features mild conditions, high atom economy, excellent functional-group tolerance, scalability and facile applications in pharmaceutical chemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrently, the global healthcare market is increasing at high speed with the impendent global aging issue. Healthcare Industry 4.0 has emerged as an efficient solution towards the aging issue since it was integrated with ubiquitous medical sensors, big health processing platform, high bandwidth, speed technologies, and medical services, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA new anode strategy for accessing xanthen-9-azoles via an electrochemical C(sp)-H/N-H cross-coupling of xanthenes with azoles is described. This reaction proceeds efficiently with a broad scope of both xanthenes and N-H-free azoles under metal- and additional oxidant-free conditions and represents a new access to direct incorporation of important N-heterocycle units into the resulting xanthenes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici; Pst) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman growth and development are conditioned by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which have also implications in pathology. Most IGF molecules are sequestered by IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) so that exertion of IGF activity requires disturbance of these complexes. This is achieved by proteolysis mediated by IGFBP proteases, among which the best characterised is human PAPP-A, the first member of the pappalysin family of metzincins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFive hexapeptides were prepared containing, in a domino-type arrangement, all 25 possible dipeptides between (1) aromatic, (2) hydrophobic, (3) positively charged, (4) negatively charged, and (5) small and polar amino acids. The peptides were fluorescence labeled at the N-terminus with a (7-coumaryl)oxyacetyl group, allowing the selective detection of N-terminal cleavage products. The five peptides were used as a cocktail reagent in an HPLC analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFRET-based fluorogenic substrates for lipases and esterases were prepared in four steps from commercially available building blocks. The substrates are pyrenebutyric acid monoesters of aliphatic 1,2-diols bearing a dinitrophenylamino group as a quencher. The most enzyme-reactive substrate is ester 2a.
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