Network analysis of metabolomics, transcriptome and hormones reveals propionic acid-mediated novel survival strategy against drought in wheat.

Propionic acid (PA), a low-molecular-weight organic acid, is crucial to plant life metabolism. However, the regulatory mechanism of PA-mediated drought resistance in wheat remains largely unknown. Herein, we reported on a regulatory network of PA-mediated drought resistance in wheat using integrated transcriptome and metabolomics analysis and verified genes associated with drought resistance.

Quantifying Plant Signaling Pathways by Integrating Luminescence-Based Biosensors and Mathematical Modeling.

Plants have evolved intricate signaling pathways, which operate as networks governed by feedback to deal with stressors. Nevertheless, the sophisticated molecular mechanisms underlying these routes still need to be comprehended, and experimental validation poses significant challenges and expenses. Consequently, computational hypothesis evaluation gains prominence in understanding plant signaling dynamics.

Peroxidase gene TaPrx109-B1 enhances wheat tolerance to water deficit via modulating stomatal density.

Increasing the tolerance of crops to water deficit is crucial for the improvement of crop production in water-restricted regions. Here, a wheat peroxidase gene (TaPrx109-B1) belonging to the class III peroxidase gene family was identified and its function in water deficit tolerance was revealed. We demonstrated that overexpression of TaPrx109-B1 reduced leaf HO level and stomatal density, increased leaf relative water content, water use efficiency, and tolerance to water deficit.

FADD phosphorylation contributes to development of renal fibrosis by accelerating epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

FADD, a classical apoptotic signaling adaptor, has recently been reported to exhibit a series of non-apoptotic functions. Here, we report that FADD may play a critical role in the development of renal fibrosis. Neutrophil infiltration in the renal interstitial part, glomerular mesangial cell proliferation, and base-membrane thickening were observed in FADD-D mice by H&E, PAS, and PASM staining.

Network of the transcriptome and metabolomics reveals a novel regulation of drought resistance during germination in wheat.

Background And Aims: The North China Plain, the highest winter-wheat-producing region of China, is seriously threatened by drought. Traditional irrigation wastes a significant amount of water during the sowing season. Therefore, it is necessary to study the drought resistance of wheat during germination to maintain agricultural ecological security.

Genome-Wide Identification of Gene Family Members in Hexaploid Wheat and Functional Characterization of in Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency.

Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies.

SinoDuplex: An Improved Duplex Sequencing Approach to Detect Low-frequency Variants in Plasma cfDNA Samples.

Accurate detection of low frequency mutations from plasma cell-free DNA in blood using targeted next generation sequencing technology has shown promising benefits in clinical settings. Duplex sequencing technology is the most commonly used approach in liquid biopsies. Unique molecular identifiers are attached to each double-stranded DNA template, followed by production of low-error consensus sequences to detect low frequency variants.

Metabolomics Response for Drought Stress Tolerance in Chinese Wheat Genotypes ().

Metabolomics is an effective biotechnological tool that can be used to attain comprehensive information on metabolites. In this study, the profiles of metabolites produced by wheat seedlings in response to drought stress were investigated using an untargeted approach with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to determine various physiological processes related to drought tolerance from the cross between drought-tolerant genotype (HX10) and drought-sensitive genotype (YN211). The current study results showed that under drought stress, HX10 exhibited higher growth indices than YN211.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides Insights into the Regulatory Mechanisms of Wheat Primary Root Growth.

Plant roots are vital for acquiring nutrients and water from soil. However, the mechanisms regulating root growth in hexaploid wheat remain to be elucidated. Here, an integrated comparative proteome study on the roots of two varieties and their descendants with contrasting root phenotypes was performed.

Transcriptome and physiological analyses for revealing genes involved in wheat response to endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Background: Wheat production is largely restricted by adverse environmental stresses. Under many undesirable conditions, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can be induced. However, the physiological and molecular responses of wheat to ER stress remain poorly understood.

Identification and characterization of CircRNAs involved in the regulation of wheat root length.

Background: Recent studies indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Plant roots are the main organs of nutrient and water uptake. However, whether circRNAs involved in the regulation of plant root growth remains to be elucidated.

Knock-down the expression of TaH2B-7D using virus-induced gene silencing reduces wheat drought tolerance.

Background: Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Exploration of drought-tolerant genes is essential for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in wheat.

Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides New Insights Into Low Nitrogen-Promoted Primary Root Growth in Hexaploid Wheat.

Nitrogen deficient environments can promote wheat primary root growth (PRG) that allows for nitrogen uptake in deep soil. However, the mechanisms of low nitrogen-promoted root growth remain largely unknown. Here, an integrated comparative proteome study using iTRAQ analysis on the roots of two wheat varieties and their descendants with contrasting response to low nitrogen (LN) stress was performed under control (CK) and LN conditions.

Protective role of nano-selenium-enriched in delaying the onset of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

could accumulate Selenium (Se) and nano-Se in the form of respectively In this study, the effect of in diabetic mice was evaluated. Physiological and metabolic parameters such as blood glucose, body weight, serum insulin level, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), food intake, water consumption and urine output were evaluated. The expression of insulin signalling pathway-related proteins was evaluated by western blotting.

Identification of Two Novel Wheat Drought Tolerance-Related Proteins by Comparative Proteomic Analysis Combined with Virus-Induced Gene Silencing.

Drought is a major adversity that limits crop yields. Further exploration of wheat drought tolerance-related genes is critical for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in this crop. Here, comparative proteomic analysis of two wheat varieties, XN979 and LA379, with contrasting drought tolerance was conducted to screen for drought tolerance-related proteins/genes.

Identification and characterization of circRNAs involved in the regulation of low nitrogen-promoted root growth in hexaploid wheat.

Background: CircRNAs are widespread in plants and play important roles in response to abiotic stresses. Low nitrogen (LN) promotes the growth of plant root system, allowing it to explore more nitrogen. However, whether circRNAs involved in the response to LN stress and the regulation of LN-promoted root growth in wheat remains unclear.

Characterization of QTLs for Root Traits of Wheat Grown under Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Supply Levels.

Root is important in acquiring nutrients from soils. Developing marker-assisted selection for wheat root traits can help wheat breeders to select roots desirable for efficient acquisition of nutrients. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from wheat varieties Xiaoyan 54 and Jing 411 was used to detect QTLs for maximum root length and root dry weight (RDW) under control, low nitrogen and low phosphorus conditions in hydrophobic culture (HC).

Osmotic Stress Induced Cell Death in Wheat Is Alleviated by Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid and Involves Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Gene Expression.

Although, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) has been widely studied in mammalian cells because of its role in inhibiting apoptosis, its effects on plants remain almost unknown, especially in the case of crops such as wheat. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments to explore the effects and mechanisms of action of TUDCA on wheat growth and cell death induced by osmotic stress. Our results show that TUDCA: (1) ameliorates the impact of osmotic stress on wheat height, fresh weight, and water content; (2) alleviates the decrease in chlorophyll content as well as membrane damage caused by osmotic stress; (3) decreases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes under osmotic stress; and (4) to some extent alleviates osmotic stress-induced cell death probably by regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related gene expression, for example expression of the basic leucine zipper genes and , the binding proteins and , the protein disulfide isomerase , and the glucose-regulated protein .

Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) regulates autophagy through promoting the expression of Ras homolog enriched in brain (Rheb) in human breast adenocarcinoma cells.

FADD (Fas-associated protein with death domain) is a classical adaptor protein in apoptosis. Increasing evidences have shown that FADD is also implicated in cell cycle progression, proliferation and tumorigenesis. The role of FADD in cancer remains largely unexplored.

The Nitrate-Inducible NAC Transcription Factor TaNAC2-5A Controls Nitrate Response and Increases Wheat Yield.

Nitrate is a major nitrogen resource for cereal crops; thus, understanding nitrate signaling in cereal crops is valuable for engineering crops with improved nitrogen use efficiency. Although several regulators have been identified in nitrate sensing and signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the equivalent information in cereals is missing. Here, we isolated a nitrate-inducible and cereal-specific NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factor, TaNAC2-5A, from wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Quantitative analysis of annexin V-membrane interaction by flow cytometry.

We constructed a green fluorescent phosphatidylserine (PS)-binding probe, which was generated by fusing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) to the C terminus of human annexin V (anxV). With this probe, we investigated anxV-membrane interaction under different calcium and anxV-EGFP concentrations through flow cytometry (FCM). A mathematical description of the binding characteristics is proposed and validated to quantify the relationship concerning the relative concentration of membrane-bound anxV (B), calcium concentration ([C]), and protein concentration ([P]).

Regulation of T lymphocyte activation by microRNA-21.

MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. To identify microRNAs involved in T cell activation, we performed a microRNA array profiling with Jurkat cells. We found that microRNA-21 (miR-21), which is upregulated in many tumors by targeting a series of tumor suppressor genes to promote tumor growth, was significantly increased in activated Jurkat cells and primary CD4(+) T lymphocytes compared with that in quiescent counterparts.

A genotypic difference in primary root length is associated with the inhibitory role of transforming growth factor-beta receptor-interacting protein-1 on root meristem size in wheat.

Previously we identified a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) qTaLRO-B1 for primary root length (PRL) in wheat. Here we compare proteomics in the roots of the qTaLRO-B1 QTL isolines 178A, with short PRL and small meristem size, and 178B, with long PRL and large meristem size. A total of 16 differentially expressed proteins were identified: one, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor-interacting protein-1 (TaTRIP1), was enriched in 178A, while various peroxidases (PODs) were more abundantly expressed in 178B.

Island cotton Gbve1 gene encoding a receptor-like protein confers resistance to both defoliating and non-defoliating isolates of Verticillium dahliae.

Verticillium wilt caused by soilborne fungus Verticillium dahliae could significantly reduce cotton yield. Here, we cloned a tomato Ve homologous gene, Gbve1, from an island cotton cultivar that is resistant to Verticillium wilt. We found that the Gbve1 gene was induced by V.