Sphenoidal pneumosinus dilatans associated compressive optic neuropathy: A case series of four adolescent patients.

Visual impairment caused by pneumosinus dilatans (PSD) among adolescents is a rare condition, which is associated with a high blinding rate due to the lack of clinical manifestations and effective treatment. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) may be helpful in diagnosis of PSD, and the endoscopic transnasal optic nerve decompression (ETOND) can improve the vision of PSD patients with visual impairments. This case series report detailing the diagnosis and treatment of visual impairments caused by PSD has improved clinicians' understanding of this disease and helped reduce misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses.

Digital light printing of zirconia/resin composite material with biomimetic graded design for dental application.

Objective: Stress concentration and excessive wear on the opposite jaw teeth are the main problems that lead to the failure of all-ceramic crown restoration. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Synthesize the biomimetic gradient zirconia/resin composites. (2) Control the porosity and structure so that the mechanical properties of the biomimetic gradient zirconia/resin composites are close to enamel and dentin.

A novel track guidance ultrasound facilitates radial arterial cannulation: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Ultrasound guidance for radial arterial cannulation is currently considered a best practice approach despite its clear advantages over the blind and palpation technique, the success rate is related to several factors, including clinician's experience and technical ability. The study aimed to explore the use of a novel track guidance ultrasound that may increase the success rate of radial arterial cannulation.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which 80 adults scheduled for elective surgery requiring radial arterial cannulation were recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which utilized novel track ultrasound guidance (group T,  = 40), or the control group, which utilized traditional ultrasound guidance (group U,  = 40).

Perfluoroalkyl substances promote breast cancer progression via ERα and GPER mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signaling pathways.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a classic environmental endocrine disruptor with carcinogenic risk. Epidemiological studies have shown that PFASs contamination is associated with breast cancer development, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. This study first obtained complex biological information about PFASs-induced breast cancer through the comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD).

Inhibition of human sulfotransferases (SULTs) by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and structure-activity relationship.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a family of highly fluorinated aliphatic substances widely used in industrial and commercial applications. This study aims to determine the inhibition of PFASs towards sulfotransferases (SULTs) activity, and trying to explain the toxicity mechanism of PFASs. In vitro recombinant SULTs-catalyzed sulfation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) was utilized as a probe reaction.

Remarkable impact of commercial sterilizing on ginsenosides transformation in fresh ginseng pulp based on widely targeted metabolomics analysis.

Terpenoids such as ginsenosides are the most important phytochemicals and functional components in ginseng. Commercial sterilizing with high temperature and high pressure is also one of the common methods of ginseng food processing. However, the changes of terpenoids in fresh ginsengs commercially sterilized are unclear.

Sevoflurane induces microRNA-18a to delay rat neurodevelopment via suppression of the RUNX1/Wnt/β-catenin axis.

Sevoflurane anesthesia is reported to repress neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs), thereby affecting the brain development, but the underlying mechanism of sevoflurane on the proliferation of NSCs remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to discern the relationship between sevoflurane and NSC proliferation. Bioinformatics tools were employed to predict the expression of microRNA-18a (miR-18a) in 9-day-old neonatal rat hippocampal tissues after sevoflurane treatment and the downstream genes of miR-18a, followed by a series of assays to explore the relationship among miR-18a, runt related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), and β-catenin in the hippocampal tissues.

MLSA phylogeny and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Nocardia isolates: a multicenter retrospective study in China.

Background: With the increase of detection rate and long treatment period, nocardiosis has become a noticeable problem in China. However, there are limited large-scale studies on the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinical Nocardia spp. in China.

Inhibition of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) on sulfotransferases (SULTs).

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been demonstrated as a kind of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that could exert complicated influences towards metabolism in human bodies. Since hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are important metabolites of PCBs, our study focuses on investigating the potential inhibitory capability of OH-PCBs on four human sulfotransferase (SULT) isoforms. P-nitrophenol (PNP) was utilized as nonselective probe substrate for this study, and recombinant SULT isoforms were utilized as the enzyme resources.

Intranasal delivery of MSC-derived exosomes attenuates allergic asthma via expanding IL-10 producing lung interstitial macrophages in mice.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been investigated in preventing and treating allergic asthma in many reports. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) were showed a promising alternative to stem cell-based therapy in many kinds of diseases. However, the effect of MSC-Exo on allergic asthma has not been investigated thoroughly thus far.

Anxiolytic and Anti-depressive Like Effects of Translocator Protein (18 kDa) Ligand YL-IPA08 in a Rat Model of Postpartum Depression.

Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is mainly distributed in the outer mitochondrial membrane of steroid-synthesizing cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It mediates cholesterol transportation across the phospholipid membrane, which is a prerequisite for neurosteroid synthesis. Though the ligand of TSPO has clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, the pharmacological study of TSPO for anti-postpartum depression has not been reported.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exert strong inhibition towards human carboxylesterases.

PFASs are highly persistent in both natural and living environment, and pose a significant risk for wildlife and human beings. The present study was carried out to determine the inhibitory behaviours of fourteen PFASs on metabolic activity of two major isoforms of carboxylesterases (CES). The probe substrates 2-(2-benzoyl-3-methoxyphenyl) benzothiazole (BMBT) for CES1 and fluorescein diacetate (FD) for CES2 were utilized to determine the inhibitory potentials of PFASs on CES in vitro.

Prognostic Performance of SOFA, qSOFA, and SIRS in Kidney Transplant Recipients Suffering from Infection: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Introduction: The prognostic performance of scoring systems for illness severity in infectious kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) is rarely reported. We investigated the ability of the scores for the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) to predict in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation (MV) requirement.

Methods: This was a second analysis of a retrospective observational study.

High glucose and bupivacaine‑induced cytotoxicity is mediated by enhanced apoptosis and impaired autophagy via the PERK‑ATF4‑CHOP and IRE1‑TRAF2 signaling pathways.

Bupivacaine has previously been reported to induce neurotoxicity, which is further enhanced by high glucose levels. In the present study, the underlying molecular mechanisms via which bupivacaine induces cytotoxicity under high glucose conditions were investigated in cultured human SH‑SY5Y cells. In order to identify the optimal concentrations of glucose and bupivacaine that induced cytotoxicity, SH‑SY5Y cells were treated with 30‑100 mM glucose and 0.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances display structure-dependent inhibition towards UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of chemicals and can be detected in environmental and human samples all over the world. Toxicity of existing and emerging PFASs will be a long-term source of concern. This study aimed to investigate structure-dependent inhibitory effects of 14 PFASs towards the activity of 11 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms.

Inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) by bromophenols (BPs).

Bromophenols (BPs) are important organic compounds which have become dominant pollutants during these years. Our present study investigated the potential inhibition behaviour of BPs on the activity of one of the most important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was utilized as the probe reaction.

Hydroxy metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) exhibit inhibitory effects on UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs).

Hydroxy metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are important substance basis for the toxicity of PCBs. This study aims to investigate the inhibition of OH-PCBs on the activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), trying to elucidate the toxicity mechanism of PCBs from a new perspective. In vitrohuman recombinant UGTs-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was used as the probe reaction.

New insights for risks of chlorophenols (CPs) exposure: Inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs).

Chlorophenols (CPs) are important pollutants extensively utilized in industry, agriculture and forestry. The present study aims to determine the inhibition of CPs on the activity of the important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). 100 μM of fourteen CPs were used for preliminary screening using in vitro incubation.

Inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) by phthalate monoesters.

Phthalate monoesters are important metabolites of phthalate esters (PAEs) which have been extensively utilized in industry. This study aims to investigate the inhibition of phthalate monoesters on the activity of various isoforms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), trying to elucidate the toxicity mechanism of environmental endocrine disruptors from the new perspectives. In vitro recombinant UGTs-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was employed to evaluate 8 kinds of phthalate monoesters on 11 sorts of main human UGT isoforms.

Specific effects of prenatal DEHP exposure on neuroendocrine gene expression in the developing hypothalamus of male rats.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals may disrupt developing neuroendocrine systems, especially when the exposure occurs during a critical period. This study aimed to investigate whether prenatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a major component of plasticizers used worldwide, disrupted the development of a network of genes important for neuroendocrine function in male rats. Pregnant rats were treated with corn oil (vehicle control), 2, 10 or 50 mg/kg DEHP by gavage from gestational day 14 to 19.

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical Nocardia species in a tertiary hospital in China.

Objectives: There is a lack of information on the activities of antimicrobial agents against Nocardia clinical isolates of specific species in China. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of 28 clinical isolates of Nocardia spp. isolated from Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital (Beijing, China).

Inhibitory effects of fifteen phthalate esters in human cDNA-expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase supersomes.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) have been extensively used in industry as plasticizers and there remains concerns about their safety. The present study aimed to determine the inhibition of phthalate esters (PAEs) on the activity of the phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). In vitro recombinant UGTs-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone was used to investigate the inhibition potentials of PAEs towards various s UGTs.

Everolimus-inhibited multiple isoforms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs).

1. Everolimus is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and has been clinically utilized to prevent the rejection of organ transplants. This study aims to determine the inhibition of everolimus on the activity of phase-II drug-metabolizing enzymes UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs).