Equine β-defensin 1 regulates cytokine expression and phagocytosis in S. aureus-infected mouse monocyte macrophages via the Paxillin-FAK-PI3K pathway.

β-defensin-1 (BD-1) is a rich source of disulfide bonds and antibacterial peptides that exhibit direct bactericidal function. The expression of BD-1 is primarily induced by external stimulation and is known to correlate with TLR-mediated inflammation, suggesting its association with innate immune responses. Equine β-defensin-1 (eBD-1) belongs to the BD-1 family.

Equus β-Defensin-1 Regulates Innate IMMUNE Response in -Infected Mouse Monocyte Macrophage.

Beta-defensin-1 (BD-1) is among the class of antibacterial peptides that are rich in disulfide bonds, have direct antibacterial activity and showed enhanced expression following external stimulation. However, existing research studies only treated BD-1 to cell models without stimulation from pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which will further influence our understanding of the role of BD-1. In this study, we map the tissue distribution of Equus BD-1 (i.

Overexpression of the Transcription Factor Significantly Improved the Lipid Content of .

Microalgae are considered to be a highly promising source for the production of biodiesel. However, the regulatory mechanism governing lipid biosynthesis has not been fully elucidated to date, and the improvement of lipid accumulation in microalgae is essential for the effective production of biodiesel. In this study, from , a transcription factor (TF) that affects lipid content, was transferred into .