Correction: Gao et al. High Expression of PDK4 Could Play a Potentially Protective Role by Attenuating Oxidative Stress after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. 2022, , 3974.

In the original publication [...

Insulin Resistance Predicts Prognosis in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether insulin resistance (IR) could be used as a predictor of poor prognosis at 3 months after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: The study included patients aged 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of SAH due to ruptured aneurysm from January 2021 to March 2024. Patients with confirmed diabetes mellitus and taking glucose-lowering drugs, or taking lipid-lowering drugs, or SAH not due to ruptured aneurysm, or comorbid systemic diseases were excluded.

Association of Urinary Glyphosate with All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Mortality among Adults in NHANES 2013-2018: Role of Alkaline Phosphatase.

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships among urinary glyphosate, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases (CVD)-related mortality in the general US population of adults, and to determine the role of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an inflammation marker that is associated with glyphosate exposure, in these relationships. Subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2018 cycles were included.

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts the Prognosis of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Systemic inflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been extensively studied over the past decades, as it contributes significantly to the pathophysiological injury mechanisms and subsequent poor outcomes. Systemic immune-inflammation (SII) index is a novel biomarker of systemic inflammatory response. However, its predictive value regarding TBI prognosis in clinical practice remains insufficiently investigated.

Discovery of Barakacin and Its Derivatives as Novel Antiviral and Fungicidal Agents.

Pesticides are essential for the development of agriculture. It is urgent to develop green, safe and efficient pesticides. Bisindole alkaloids have unique and concise structures and broad biological activities, which make them an important leading skeleton in the creation of new pesticides.

Design, synthesis, antiviral and fungicidal activities of novel polycarpine simplified analogues.

Fungal and viral diseases account for 70-80% of agricultural production losses caused by microbial diseases. Synthetic fungicides and antiviral agents have been used to treat plant diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi and viruses, but their use has been criticized due to their adverse side effects. As alternative strategies, natural fungicides and antiviral agents have attracted many researchers' interest in recent years.

Peroxiredoxin 2 Is a Potential Objective Indicator for Severity and the Clinical Status of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients.

Purpose: We have demonstrated that peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) released from lytic erythrocytes and damaged neurons into the subarachnoid space could activate microglia and then result in neuronal apoptosis. In this study, we tested the possibility of using Prx2 as an objective indicator for severity of the subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the clinical status of the patient.

Materials And Methods: SAH patients were prospectively enrolled and followed up for 3 months.

Insulin resistance in ischemic stroke: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.

The pathological condition of insulin resistance prevents the neuroprotective effects of insulin. Numerous studies have demonstrated that insulin resistance, as an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke, accelerates the formation of thrombosis and promotes the development of atherosclerosis, both of which are major mechanisms of ischemic stroke. Additionally, insulin resistance negatively affects the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke regardless of whether the patient has diabetes, but the mechanisms are not well studied.

Continued P2X7 activation leads to mitochondrial fission and compromising microglial phagocytosis after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has a high rate of disability and mortality. Extremely damaging molecules, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are released from extravasated red blood cells and nerve cells, which activate microglia and induce sterile tissue injury and organ dysfunction. P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) is one of the most important purine receptors on the microglial surface and is involved in the proinflammatory activation of microglia.

Elevated MFG-E8 in CSF in the Early Stage Indicates Rapid Recovery of Mild Aneurysmal SAH Patients.

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) can impair blood perfusion in brain tissue and cause adverse effects. Microglia, which are the inherent immune cells of the brain, significantly activate and play a role in phagocytosis, anti-inflammatory, proinflammatory, and damage repair in this process. Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) is the bridging molecule of this process and mediates the activation and biological effects of microglia.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate Alleviates Neuronal Apoptosis Induced by Central Insulin Resistance through Inhibiting S6K1 Phosphorylation after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Neuronal apoptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is believed to play an important role in early brain injury after SAH. The energy metabolism of neuron is closely related to its survival. The transient hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance (IR) after SAH seriously affects the prognosis of patients.

High Expression of PDK4 Could Play a Potentially Protective Role by Attenuating Oxidative Stress after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), a key enzyme on the mitochondrial outer membrane, has been found to decrease activity notably in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It has been demonstrated that PDH is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Hence, in this study, we aimed to determine the cause of the decreased PDH activity and explore the potential role of PDH in EBI.

Decreased Expression of CIRP Induced by Therapeutic Hypothermia Correlates with Reduced Early Brain Injury after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Early brain injury is considered to be a primary reason for the poor prognosis of patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Due to its pro-inflammatory activity, cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) has been implicated in the ischemic brain insult, but its possible interplay with hypothermia in SAH treatment remains to be evaluated. One-hundred and thirty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g males) were randomly allocated into the following groups: sham-operated (Sham); SAH; and SAH + hypothermia (SAH + H), each comprised of 46 animals.

The miR-532-E2F1 feedback loop contributes to gastric cancer progression.

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fourth in incidence and mortality worldwide, ascertaining the pathogenesis of GC is crucial for its treatment. E2F1, which regulates the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair, DNA replication, mitosis and survival of cancer patients, functions as a key regulator in GC progression. However, the underneath mechanism of these processes is not fully elucidated.

Knock-Down of CD24 in Astrocytes Aggravates Oxyhemoglobin-Induced Hippocampal Neuron Impairment.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), as one of the most severe hemorrhagic strokes, is closely related to neuronal damage. Neurogenesis is a promising therapy, however, reliable targets are currently lacking. Increasing evidence has indicated that CD24 is associated with the growth of hippocampal neurons and the regulation of neural stem/precursor cell proliferation.

PDK4 Decrease Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibiting ROS-ASK1/P38 Pathway in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Metabolic disorders may play key roles in oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in response to early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is related to oxidative stress in EBI, and its activity obviously decreases after SAH. We discovered that only pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression was obviously increased among the four PDK isozymes after SAH in preliminary experiments.

The photoredox-catalyzed hydrosulfamoylation of styrenes and its application in the novel synthesis of naratriptan.

The hydrosulfamoylation of diverse aryl olefins provides facile access to alkylsulfonamides. Here we report a novel protocol utilizing radical-mediated addition and a thiol-assisted strategy to achieve the hydrosulfamoylation of diverse styrenes in modest to excellent yields under mild and economic reaction conditions. The methodology was found to provide an efficient and convenient approach for the synthesis of the anti-migraine drug naratriptan and it also can be used for the late-stage functionalization of natural products or medicines.

Toad Alkaloid for Pesticide Discovery: Dehydrobufotenine Derivatives as Novel Agents against Plant Virus and Fungi.

Plant viruses and fungi are a serious threat to food security and natural ecosystems. The efficient and environment-friendly control methods are urgently needed to help safeguard such resources. Here, we achieved the efficient synthesis of toad alkaloid dehydrobufotenine in eight steps with an overall yield of 8% from 5-methoxyindole.

TRAF3 mediates neuronal apoptosis in early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage via targeting TAK1-dependent MAPKs and NF-κB pathways.

Neuronal apoptosis has an important role in early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). TRAF3 was reported as a promising therapeutic target for stroke management, which covered several neuronal apoptosis signaling cascades. Hence, the present study is aimed to determine whether downregulation of TRAF3 could be neuroprotective in SAH-induced EBI.

Neuroprotective Effect of Oridonin on Traumatic Brain Injury via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome in Experimental Mice.

NLRP3 inflammasome has been considered as an important contributor to inflammation and neuronal death after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oridonin (Ori), the major active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine , has been proved to be a covalent NLRP3 inhibitor with strong anti-inflammation activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Ori on inflammation and brain injury induced by TBI.