[Research progress of mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion on prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on the neuronal cell cycle re-entry].

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Studies have shown that neuronal cell cycle re-entry is an abnormal change in the early stage of AD, and it is also one of the key reasons for mediating neuronal death. The mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating AD may be related to the regulation of abnormal cell cycle.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: A novel promising neuroprotective agent for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of neurons in the brain. However, there are no effective drugs for AD. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs-EVs), as a new mediator of intercellular communication, are associated with low immunogenicity, low risk of tumor formation, and good safety profile.

Active ingredients of Chinese medicine with immunomodulatory properties: NF-κB pathway and Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathogenesis and no cure. Persistent neuroinflammation plays an important role in the development of PD, and activation of microglia and astrocytes within the central nervous system leads to an inflammatory response and production of pro-inflammatory factors, and activation of NF-κB is key to neuroglial activation in chronic inflammation in PD and a hallmark of the onset of neuroinflammatory disease. Therefore, inhibiting NF-κB activation to prevent further loss of dopaminergic nerves is a more effective means of treating PD.

Immunomodulation: The next target of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the context of ischemic stroke.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most prevalent form of brain disease, characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality. However, there is still a lack of ideal prevention and treatment measures in clinical practice. Notably, the transplantation therapy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been a hot research topic in stroke.