The clinical value of reflectance confocal microscopy in monitoring treatment of actinic keratosis: A systematic review.

Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precancerous skin lesion that can progress to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial, but current treatment evaluation methods lack consistency. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has emerged as a promising non-invasive tool for monitoring treatment outcomes in AK, but the absence of standardized evaluation protocols limits its clinical applicability.

A dominant role of transcriptional regulation during the evolution of C photosynthesis in Flaveria species.

C photosynthesis exemplifies convergent evolution of complex traits. Herein, we construct chromosome-scale genome assemblies and perform multi-omics analysis for five Flaveria species, which represent evolutionary stages from C to C photosynthesis. Chromosome-scale genome sequence analyses reveal a gradual increase in genome size during the evolution of C photosynthesis attributed to the expansion of transposable elements.

The evolution of stomatal traits along the trajectory toward C4 photosynthesis.

C4 photosynthesis optimizes plant carbon and water relations, allowing high photosynthetic rates with low stomatal conductance. Stomata have long been considered a part of the C4 syndrome. However, it remains unclear how stomatal traits evolved along the path from C3 to C4.