Data-Driven H Output Consensus for Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems Under Switching Topology via Reinforcement Learning.

In this article, a novel model-free policy gradient reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed to solve the H tracking problem for discrete-time heterogeneous multiagent systems with external disturbances over switching topology. The dynamics of the followers and the leader are unknown, and the leader's information is missing for each agent due to the switching topology. Therefore, a distributed adaptive observer is introduced to learn the leader's dynamic model and estimate its state for each agent.

Asymmetric effects of industrial energy prices on carbon productivity.

Energy price is a key factor in reducing carbon emissions. This paper assesses the relationship between energy prices and carbon emissions from the industrial sector in China. Using panel data covering 31 industrial sectors for the period 2003 to 2015, we calculate the industrial energy price index and then estimate the effects of sector-level energy prices on carbon emissions based on a panel smooth transition regression model.