Insight into key interactions between diverse factors and membrane fouling mitigation in anaerobic membrane bioreactor.

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have garnered considerable attention as a low-energy and low-carbon footprint treatment technology. With an increasing number of scholars focusing on AnMBR research, its outstanding performance in the field of water treatment has gradually become evident. However, the primary obstacle to the widespread application of AnMBR technology lies in membrane fouling, which leads to reduced membrane flux and increased energy demand.

Highly Efficient Transformation of Tar Model Compounds into Hydrogen by a Ni-Co Alloy Nanocatalyst During Tar Steam Reforming.

Hydrogen (H) production from coal and biomass gasification was considered a long-term and viable way to solve energy crises and global warming. Tar, generated as a hazardous byproduct, limited its large-scale applications by clogging and corroding gasification equipment. Although catalytic steam reforming technology was used to convert tar into H, catalyst deactivation restricted its applicability.

Isolation and characterization of ovine monocyte-derived macrophages from peripheral blood.

As key elements and targets for various intracellular pathogens, macrophages play an essential role in host defense. Although ovine peripheral blood monocyte-derived cell lines have been established, their phenotypic characteristics and functional properties remain unknown. We have established several ovine macrophage cell lines from peripheral blood adherent cells that can proliferate spontaneously in long-term culture in vitro.

Change in rainfall drives malaria re-emergence in Anhui Province, China.

Malaria is re-emerging in Anhui Province, China after a decade long' low level of endemicity. The number of human cases has increased rapidly since 2000 and reached its peak in 2006. That year, the malaria cases accounted for 54.