Recurrent Thymic Carcinoma Treated With Median Sternotomy, Innominate Vein Replacement for Superior Vena Cava, and Iodide Implantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus (NETT) are rare and malignant tumors that arise in the anterior mediastinum. These tumors can exhibit aggressive behavior and may involve surrounding critical structures, such as the superior vena cava. This case contributes to the literature by presenting a recurrent thymic carcinoma with invasion of major blood vessels, including the superior vena cava, and the complexities involved in its surgical management.

Integrated multiomics signatures to optimize the accurate diagnosis of lung cancer.

Diagnosing lung cancer from indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPLs) remains challenging. In this multi-institutional study involving 2032 participants with IPLs, we integrate the clinical, radiomic with circulating cell-free DNA fragmentomic features in 5-methylcytosine (5mC)-enriched regions to establish a multiomics model (clinic-RadmC) for predicting the malignancy risk of IPLs. The clinic-RadmC yields an area-under-the-curve (AUC) of 0.

OSMAC Investigation Directed by Genome Information Led to the Discovery of Additional Five Types of Secondary Metabolites From Deep-Sea Derived Penicillium Sp. SCSIO sof101.

Marine fungi are considered important resources for new lead compounds in One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC) strategy. In particular, deep-sea derived fungi have been deemed potent for novel bioactive structures due to their extreme living environment and evolution of special biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites. Chemical investigations of the deep-sea derived Penicillium sp.

LC-MS guided discovery of a new type of abyssomicin, glycoabyssomicin A, from a deep-sea derived .

Glycoabyssomicin A (), a new type of abyssomicin containing a sugar unit, was isolated from the deep-sea derived SCSIO 5802 guided by LC-MS. The structure of was elucidated by HR-ESI-MS, 1D-NMR (H,C NMR), 2D-NMR (HSQC, COSY, HMBC, NOESY), and TFA hydrolysis and acetylation reactions. In the antibacterial activities evaluation against a series of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, it showed inactive at the concentration of 10 μg per filter paper disc.

DKK3 promotes adipogenic differentiation of stem cells by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related gene expression and mitochondrial autophagy function.

Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into adipocyte precursor cells, and the balance of stem cell differentiation determines the quantity of adipocytes. Early-stage adipose tissue expression profiling revealed abnormal expression of DKK3 in the high-fat group. Moreover, DKK3 is enriched in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and studies have shown that DKK3 can serve as a gene involved in early regulation of adipogenesis.

β-Terrecyclene synthase constructs the quadrane backbone in terrecyclic acid biosynthesis.

Quadrane sesquiterpenes featuring a distinctive tricyclic skeleton exhibit potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Although extensive studies have attempted to reveal the multistep carbocation rearrangement involved in the formation of the tricyclic quadrane scaffold, the exact biosynthetic pathway and chemical logic to generate the quadrane structure remains mysterious. Here we identified a novel sesquiterpene synthase that is capable of generating β-terrecyclene possessing the quadrane scaffold and characterized the biosynthetic pathway of a representative fungal quadrane terrecyclic acid.

Associations between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ten common cancers: novel insights from Mendelian randomization analyses.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant global health issue, suspected to elevate the risk for various cancers. This study sought to discern whether COPD serves as a risk marker or a causative factor for prevalent cancers.

Methods: We employed univariable MR (UVMR) analyses to investigate the causal relationship between COPD and the top ten common cancers.

Non-invasive prediction for pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in lung cancer using CT-based deep learning: a multicenter study.

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has revolutionized the therapeutic strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and identifying candidates likely responding to this advanced treatment is of important clinical significance. The current multi-institutional study aims to develop a deep learning model to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in NSCLC based on computed tomography (CT) imaging and further prob the biologic foundation of the proposed deep learning signature. A total of 248 participants administrated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy followed by surgery for NSCLC at Ruijin Hospital, Ningbo Hwamei Hospital, and Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2019 to September 2023 were enrolled.

An Enzymatic Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage and Aldol Reaction Cascade Converts an Angular Scaffold into the Linear Tetracyclic Core of Ochraceopones.

Meroterpenoids of the ochraceopones family featuring a linear tetracyclic scaffold exhibit exceptional antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. The biosynthetic pathway and chemical logic to generate this linear tetracycle, however, remain unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized all biosynthetic enzymes to afford ochraceopones and elucidated the complete biosynthetic pathway.

Genome Mining Uncovers a Flavoenzyme-Catalyzed Isomerization Process during the Maturation of Pyrenophorol Dilactones.

The biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of C2-asymmetric 16-membered dilactones, including pyrenophorol and its derivatives, was discovered through genome mining of polyketides from a sponge-derived fungus. The biosynthetic pathway of the pyrenophorol dilactones was subsequently elucidated. A distinctive flavoenzyme PylE was identified to catalyze the isomerization of the 4-alcohol-2,3-unsaturated moiety within the dilactone scaffold, resulting in the formation of a 1,4-diketone.

Preoperative bowel preparation promotes intestinal functional recovery after esophagectomy.

Background: Patients are prone to intestinal dysfunction after esophagectomy. The value of preoperative bowel preparation before esophagectomy is controversial. There is a lack of evidence as to whether preoperative bowel preparation can help patients improve bowel function and shorten the recovery time of bowel function.

Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer receiving neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy: A large-scale, multicenter, real-world study (NeoR-World).

Background: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has ushered in a new era of perioperative treatment for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, large-scale data for verifying the efficacy and optimizing the therapeutic strategies of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in routine clinical practice are scarce.

Methods: NeoR-World (NCT05974007) was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study involving patients who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in routine clinical practice from 11 medical centers in China between January 2010 and March 2022.

Deciphering the Glycosylation Steps in the Biosynthesis of P-1894B and Grincamycin Isolated from Marine-Derived SCSIO LR32.

Recently, we re-isolated the glycosylated angucycline antibiotics P-1894B () and grincamycin () from the marine-derived SCSIO LR32 as potent antitumor agents and identified their biosynthesis gene cluster . Both P-1894B () and grincamycin () possess a trisaccharide and a disaccharide moiety comprised of five deoxysugars. In this work, three genes encoding glycosyltransferases (GcnG1, GcnG2, and GcnG3) responsible for the assembly of deoxysugars into angucycline aglycone were identified from the biosynthesis gene cluster .

PET/CT based cross-modal deep learning signature to predict occult nodal metastasis in lung cancer.

Occult nodal metastasis (ONM) plays a significant role in comprehensive treatments of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to develop a deep learning signature based on positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict ONM of clinical stage N0 NSCLC. An internal cohort (n = 1911) is included to construct the deep learning nodal metastasis signature (DLNMS).

Alternaphenol B2, a new IDH1 inhibitor from the coral-derived fungus SCSIO SX7W11.

A new aromatic polyketide, alternaphenol B2 (), and four known compounds () were isolated from the coralderived fungus SCSIO SX7W11. Their structures were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and comparison with reported literatures. Compounds and exhibited selective inhibitory activity against isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant R132H (IDH1m), with IC values of 41.

Roles of circRNAs in regulating the tumor microenvironment.

CircRNAs, a type of non-coding RNA widely present in eukaryotic cells, have emerged as a prominent focus in tumor research. However, the functions of most circRNAs remain largely unexplored. Known circRNAs exert their regulatory roles through various mechanisms, including acting as microRNA sponges, binding to RNA-binding proteins, and functioning as transcription factors to modulate protein translation and coding.

PET/CT-based deep learning grading signature to optimize surgical decisions for clinical stage I invasive lung adenocarcinoma and biologic basis under its prediction: a multicenter study.

Purpose: No consensus on a grading system for invasive lung adenocarcinoma had been built over a long period of time. Until October 2020, a novel grading system was proposed to quantify the whole landscape of histologic subtypes and proportions of pulmonary adenocarcinomas. This study aims to develop a deep learning grading signature (DLGS) based on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to personalize surgical treatments for clinical stage I invasive lung adenocarcinoma and explore the biologic basis under its prediction.

Characterization of the depsidone gene cluster reveals etherification, decarboxylation and multiple halogenations as tailoring steps in depsidone assembly.

Depsides and depsidones have attracted attention for biosynthetic studies due to their broad biological activities and structural diversity. Previous structure‒activity relationships indicated that triple halogenated depsidones display the best anti-pathogenic activity. However, the gene cluster and the tailoring steps responsible for halogenated depsidone nornidulin () remain enigmatic.

CENPH overexpression promotes the progression, cisplatin resistance, and poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma via the AKT and ERK/P38 pathways.

Overexpression of centromere protein H (CENPH) promotes cancer growth and progression. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. Therefore, we aim to explore the roles and mechanisms of CENPH in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression by using comprehensive data analysis and cell experiments.

A new prognostic model for , , and to predict the prognosis and association with immune infiltration of lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lymph node metastasis is one of the important factors affecting the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. The key molecules in lymph node metastasis have not yet been fully revealed. Therefore, we aimed to construct a prognostic model based on lymph node metastasis-related genes to evaluate the prognosis of LUAD patients.

Development of Marker Recycling Systems for Sequential Genetic Manipulation in Marine-Derived Fungi sp. SCSIO F190 and sp. SCSIO SX7S7.

Marine-derived fungi are emerging as prolific workhorses of structurally novel natural products (NPs) with diverse bioactivities. However, the limitation of available selection markers hampers the exploration of cryptic NPs. Recyclable markers are therefore valuable assets in genetic engineering programs for awaking silent SM clusters.

First-line serplulimab or placebo plus chemotherapy in PD-L1-positive esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized, double-blind phase 3 trial.

First-line systemic therapeutic options for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. In this multicenter, double-blind phase 3 trial, a total of 551 patients with previously untreated, locally advanced or metastatic ESCC and PD-L1 combined positive score of ≥1 were randomized (2:1) to receive serplulimab (an anti-PD-1 antibody; 3 mg/kg) or placebo (on day 1), plus cisplatin (50 mg/m) (on day 1) and continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (1,200 mg/m) (on days 1 and 2), once every 2 weeks. The study met the primary endpoints.

Diagnosis and treatment of pericardial mesothelioma by mediastinal mass resection: a case report.

Background: Pericardial mesothelioma (PeM) is a rare disease with non-specific symptoms at the onset, because of its rarity, the relevant literature is limited to case reports and small case series, with no cases exceeding 100 in more than 20 years. As the most common initial symptoms are chest tightness and shortness of breath, early diagnosis is difficult, and the beginning of treatment is easily delayed. We present a rare case of difficult-to-diagnose PeM in which the diagnosis was clarified by surgery and the patient achieved a long survival, providing clinicians with our experience in treating this disease at an early stage of diagnosis and early treatment.

Sulfoxanthicillin from the deep-sea derived Penicillium sp. SCSIO sof101: an antimicrobial compound against Gram-positive and -negative pathogens.

Natural products along with their analogs have been intensively explored for their antimicrobial potential against 'ESKAPE' pathogens. Herein, we report a new natural product with strong antibacterial activity, sulfoxanthocillin (1), along with its decomposed product peniformamide (2), and the known compound xanthocillin X (3) from the deep-sea derived Penicillium sp. SCSIO sof101.