Terrestrial dissolved organic matter inputs affect the nitrous oxide emission revealed by FT-ICR MS.

Nitrous oxide (NO) emission from lake systems could be affected via intrusion of terrestrial organic matter, causing impairment in biogeochemical cycling. The sources and mechanisms by which DOM (Dissolved organic matter) alters emissions of NO are poorly understood. Here, we simulate different terrestrial DOM (anthropogenic sources, natural sources, and surface runoff) to assess the mechanisms affecting NO emissions with variations of DOM.

Evaluating the role of high NO affinity complete denitrifiers and non-denitrifying NO reducing bacteria in reducing NO emissions in river.

Freshwater rivers are hotspots of NO greenhouse gas emissions. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the dominant electron donor for microbial NO reduction, which can reduce NO emission through enriching high NO affinity denitrifiers or enriching non-denitrifying NO-reducing bacteria (NORB), but the primary regulatory pathway remains unclear. Here, field study indicated that high DOC concentration in rivers enhanced denitrification rate but reduced NO flux by improving nosZ gene abundance.

Effect of temperature and pH on the encapsulation and release of β-carotene from octenylsuccinated oat β-glucan micelles.

Effect and working mechanism of temperature and pH on encapsulation and release of β-carotene from octenylsuccinated-oat-β-glucan-micelles (OSβG-Ms) were investigated. The stability and solubility of β-carotene, and changes in surface hydrophilicity, core hydrophobicity, and size of β-carotene-loaded-OSβG-Ms were determined. When exposed to temperature (25-45 °C) and pH (4.

Molecular mechanism underlying the effects of temperature and pH on the size and surface charge of octenylsuccinated oat β-glucan aggregates.

Environmental temperature and pH induced significant changes in the size and surface charge (ζ) of octenylsuccinated oat β-glucan aggregates. The underlying mechanisms were explored by using H-NMR, fluorescence spectra, thermodynamic analysis, and SAXS. At pH 6.

Free ammonia aids ultrasound pretreatment to enhance short-chain fatty acids production from waste activated sludge.

Ultrasound pretreatment was proved to be effective in accelerating waste activated sludge (WAS) disintegration and promoting anaerobic fermentative short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. However, due to the high activities of SCFA consumers, SCFA yield is limited. Herein we reported an efficient strategy, i.

STARD-rapid screening for the 6 most common G6PD gene mutations in the Chinese population using the amplification refractory mutation system combined with melting curve analysis.

Dot-blot hybridization and high-resolution melting curve methods are used to detect G6PD gene mutations; however, the performance and throughput limitations of these methods hinder their use for screening large populations. For simple screening, we developed a novel approach called "Amplification Refractory Mutation System combined with Melting Curve Analysis (ARMS-MC)," which enables rapid and batch-based detection of the 6 most common G6PD mutations.In this method, we established 4 PCR reaction systems that can be used to detect the 6 most common G6PD mutations (c.

Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Polysaccharides Against Ischemic Insults by Regulating NR2B and NR2A Containing NMDA Receptor Signaling Pathways.

Glutamate excitotoxicity plays an important role in neuronal death after ischemia. However, all clinical trials using glutamate receptor inhibitors have failed. This may be related to the evidence that activation of different subunit of NMDA receptor will induce different effects.

Bioinspired patterning with extreme wettability contrast on TiO2 nanotube array surface: a versatile platform for biomedical applications.

Binary wettability patterned surfaces with extremely high wetting contrasts can be found in nature on living creatures. They offer a versatile platform for microfluidic management. In this work, a facile approach to fabricating erasable and rewritable surface patterns with extreme wettability contrasts (superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic) on a TiO2 nanotube array (TNA) surface through self-assembly and photocatalytic lithography is reported.

Compromised white matter microstructural integrity after mountain climbing: evidence from diffusion tensor imaging.

The aim of the present study was to investigate cerebral microstructural alterations after single short-term mountain climbing. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) analysis of WM fractional anisotropy (FA) based on MRI images were carried out on 14 mountaineers before and after mountain climbing (6206 m). In addition, verbal and spatial 'two-back' tasks and serial reaction time task were also tested.

Grey and white matter abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case-control study.

Objectives: The irreversible airflow limitation characterised by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes a decrease in the oxygen supply to the brain. The aim of the present study was to investigate brain structural damage in COPD.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Selective formation of ordered arrays of octacalcium phosphate ribbons on TiO(2) nanotube surface by template-assisted electrodeposition.

Using a patterned superhydrophobicity/superhydrophilicity template, micropatterned octacalcium phosphate (OCP) has been successfully fabricated on TiO(2) nanotube array surface. The resultant OCP micropattern has been characterized with scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalyzer. It is shown that the ribbon-like OCP crystals possess a highly ordered and hierarchically porous structure at nano-micro-scales.