The effects of the ethanol extract of Cordia myxa leaves on the cognitive function in mice.

Background: Cordia myxa L. (Boraginaceae) is widely distributed in tropical regions and it's fruits, leaves and stem bark have been utilized in folk medicine for treating trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. A population-based study showed that T.

4-Methoxycinnamic acid attenuates schizophrenia-like behaviors induced by MK-801 in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Scrophularia buergeriana has been used for traditional medicine as an agent for reducing heat in the blood and for nourishing kidney 'Yin'. Therefore, S. buergeriana might be a potential treatment for mental illness, especially schizophrenia, which may be attenuated by supplying kidney Yin and reducing blood heat.

The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on autistic-like behaviors in Fmr1 KO mice.

The importance of alterations in bidirectional communication between gut and brain has become obvious in neuropsychiatric disorders. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are very common in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and the GI microbiota profiles in children with ASD are significantly different from those in the general population. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inheritable developmental disability in humans, and patients with FXS exhibit autistic behaviors such as mental retardation and impaired social communication or interaction.

Casticin ameliorates scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The fruit of Vitex rotundifolia L. (Verbenaceae) has been used in traditional medicine as sedative or analgesic agent for headache. Recent population-based cohort studies have shown that headache including migraines is a risk factor for dementia.

Green tea extract containing enhanced levels of epimerized catechins attenuates scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Green tea has been used as a traditional medicine to control brain function and digestion. Recent works suggest that drinking green tea could prevent cognitive function impairment. During tea manufacturing processes, such as brewing and sterilization, green tea catechins are epimerized.

Multimodal Therapeutic Effects of Neural Precursor Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells through Episomal Plasmid-Based Reprogramming in a Rodent Model of Ischemic Stroke.

Stem cell therapy is a promising option for treating functional deficits in the stroke-damaged brain. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are attractive sources for cell therapy as they can be efficiently differentiated into neural lineages. Episomal plasmids (EPs) containing reprogramming factors can induce nonviral, integration-free iPSCs.

Theracurmin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunctions in 5XFAD Mice by Improving Synaptic Function and Mitigating Oxidative Stress.

As the elderly population is increasing, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a global issue and many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate treatments for AD. As these clinical trials have been conducted and have failed, the development of new theraphies for AD with fewer adverse effects remains a challenge. In this study, we examined the effects of Theracurmin on cognitive decline using 5XFAD mice, an AD mouse model.

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-mediated neuroprotection by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells following transplantation into a rodent stroke model.

The human umbilical cord is a promising source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (IV-hUMSCs) showed a favorable effect in a rodent stroke model by a paracrine mechanism. However, its underlying therapeutic mechanisms must be determined for clinical application.

Attenuation of Postischemic Genomic Alteration by Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Microarray Study.

Intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (IV-MSC) protects the ischemic rat brain in a stroke model, but the molecular mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect is unclear. We compared genomic profiles using the mRNA microarray technique in a rodent stroke model. Rats were treated with 1 × 10(6) IV-MSC or saline (sham group) 2 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo).