Efficacy and safety of PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Prostate cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been shown to improve progression-free survival, especially in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and deficiencies in homologous recombination repair (HRR). We conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses and found that PARPi, combined with androgen receptor inhibitors, significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in BRCA1/2-mutant and HRR-deficient patients.

Linear active disturbance rejection control for the electro-hydraulic position servo system.

Valve-controlled asymmetric cylinder is widely used in servo loading system. As a kind of typical electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS), it inherently has the characteristics such as high order nonlinear, strong coupling, and uncertain, therefore, conventional control strategy is difficult to satisfy the requirements of high-performance control. In this paper, a novel linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) method was proposed, in which the internal and external disturbances were actively estimated by the third-order linear extended state observer (LESO) in real-time, and rejected by the control law of proportional integral control (PID) with acceleration feed-forward.

Tritium diffusion in a LiTiO crystal terminated with the (001) surface from first-principles calculations.

The tritium release behavior of the Li2TiO3 crystal has become an important index to evaluate its comprehensive performance as a solid breeder material in nuclear fusion reactors. The tritium diffusion on the surface (surface diffusion) and diffusion from the inside to the surface (hopping diffusion) in Li2TiO3 crystals with a 1/3-Li(001) surface are systematically investigated by the first-principles method. Possible adsorption sites, diffusion pathways and energy barriers of surface diffusion and hopping diffusion have been calculated and analyzed, respectively.

First-Principles Study of Tritium Diffusion in the LiTaO Crystal.

LiTaO with a high melting point, good thermal stability, and higher lithium content has become a possible choice for breeder materials, which have potential applications in future fusion reactors. Perfect and defect crystal models of LiTaO are set up, and all of the tritium-diffusion pathways have been studied by the first-principles method. The activation energy barriers of different diffusion pathways are calculated and analyzed considering the pathway length and tritium-oxygen interactions.

First Principles Study of Tritium Diffusion in Li₂TiO₃ Crystal with Lithium Vacancy.

Li₂TiO₃ is one of the most significant breeder materials and has potential applications in future fusion reactors. Defect models with three types of lithium vacancies were considered to study the diffusion behavior of tritium in Li₂TiO₃ by the density functional theory calculations. The possible tritium adsorption sites inside the lithium vacancy were examined and analyzed.

Dietary supplementation with glutamate precursor α-ketoglutarate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in young pigs.

There is growing interest in glutamate as a functional amino acid in nutrition and health. This study was conducted to determine whether glutamate precursor α-ketoglutarate (AKG) could alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in young pigs. Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned to the control, LPS, or LPS + AKG group.

Effects of α-ketoglutarate on energy status in the intestinal mucosa of weaned piglets chronically challenged with lipopolysaccharide.

The present study determined whether α-ketoglutarate (AKG) might affect the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and energy status in the intestinal mucosa of piglets challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of eighteen piglets (weaned at 21 d of age) were allocated to one of three treatments: (1) non-challenged (control); (2) LPS-challenged (LPS); (3) LPS+1 % AKG (LPS+AKG). Piglets in the control and LPS groups were fed a maize- and soyabean meal-based diet, and the LPS+AKG group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 1 % AKG.

Alpha-Ketoglutarate and intestinal function.

Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is an intermediate of the Krebs cycle which bridges amino acid metabolism with glucose oxidation in animals. Of particular interest is the conversion of AKG into glutamate by mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase in the gastrointestinal tract where glutamate has multiple physiological functions (including regulation of cell function, neurotransmission, and gastric emptying). Additionally, AKG stimulates the initiation of catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) via BCAA transaminase in enterocytes.

Dietary alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation ameliorates intestinal injury in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets.

Neonates are at increased risk for inflammatory bowel disease, but effective prevention and treatments are currently limited. This study was conducted with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglet model to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) on the intestinal morphology and function. Eighteen 24-day-old pigs (weaned at 21 days of age) were assigned randomly to control, LPS, and LPS + AKG groups.