Chinese clinical practice guidelines for acute infectious diarrhea in children.

Background: The guidelines addressed the evidence-based indications for the management of children with acute infectious diarrhea in Chinese pediatric population.

Data Sources: The experts group of evidence development put forward clinical problems, collects evidence, forms preliminary recommendations, and then uses open-ended discussions to form recommendations. The literature review was done for developing this guideline in databases including PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, China Biomedical Database, and Chinese Journal Full-text Database up to June 2013.

[Role of allitridin in the blocking of murine cytomegalovirus induced regulatory T cells amplification in vitro].

Objective: To investigate the effect of allitridin on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) induced regulatory T cells (Treg) amplification in vitro.

Methods: A co-culture system of T cells and MCMV infected mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) was established. A maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) of allitridin was added into the co-culture system.

[Inhibitory effect of murine cytomegalovirus infection on neural stem cells' differentiation and its mechanisms].

Objective: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading infectious cause of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system caused by intrauterine infection. However, the exact pathogenesis of these brain abnormalities has not been fully elucidated. It has been reported that periependymitis, periventricular necrosis and calcification are the most frequent findings in the brains of congenital CMV infection.

[T cell-mediated protective effect in cytomegalovirus infected murine astrocytes].

Aim: To explore T cell-mediated restriction of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in murine astrocytes.

Methods: A T cell-astrocyte coculture system was established, in which astrocytes were infected with mouse cytomegalovirus. Proliferation of T cells was observed under inverted microscope and detected after CFSE staining by flow cytometry.

Experimental study on the action of allitridin against human cytomegalovirus in vitro: Inhibitory effects on immediate-early genes.

Garlic (Allium sativum) extraction has been reported having anti-HCMV efficacy. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of allitridin (diallyl trisulfide, a compound from A. sativum extraction) on the replication of HCMV and the expression of viral immediate-early genes.

Effects of human cytomegalovirus infection on apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-regulating factors.

The present study aimed to find out dynamic changes of apoptosis in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected cells and the influence of HCMV infection on activation of caspase-3 and the expression of apoptosis-regulating genes, bcl-2 and fas mRNA. The sequential changes of apoptotic cell rate in high and low MOI (MOI = 2.5 and 0.

An experimental study on astrocytes promoting production of neural stem cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells.

Background: The production of neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells was usually very low according to previous studies, which was a major obstacle for meeting the needs of clinical application. This study aimed at investigating whether astrocytes could promote production of NSCs derived from ES cells in vitro.

Methods: Mouse ES cells line-D3 was used to differentiate into NSCs with astrocytes as inducing stromal cells by means of three-stage differentiation procedure.

[Detection of human rhinovirus genes from clinical sample by one-step RT-PCR].

Objective: Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the most common respiratory pathogen, which causes not only acute respiratory infection and community acquired pneumonitis in children, but also asthma episode and deterioration. However, the detection of respiratory pathogen, which mainly focuses on respiratory syncytial virus, influenzaviruses A and B, parainfluenza viruses 1-3 and adenoviruses, does not include HRV yet by now in China. The absence of detection method limits the clinical understanding of HRV pathogenicity, and causes unreasonable use of antibiotics.

An improved method for directional differentiation and efficient production of neurons from embryonic stem cells in vitro.

To establish a method of directional differentiation and efficient production of neurons from embryonic stem cells (ES cells) in vitro, based on the 4-/4+ protocol described by Bain, a new method was established to induce ES cells differentiating into neurons by means of three-step differentiation using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) in Vitro. The totipotency of ES cells was identified by observation of cells' morphology and formations of teratoma in immunocompromised mice. The cells' differentiation was evaluated continuously by the detection of the specific cellular markers of neural stem cells, neurons and astrocytes, including nestin, NSE and GFAP using immunohistochemistry assay.

[An experimental study on the effect of allitridin on inhibiting the expression of HCMV immediate-early antigens in vitro].

Objective: To investigate the prophylactic, blocking and therapeutic effects of Allitridin on inhibiting HCMV proliferation by measuring the expression level of HCMV IEA in vitro and explore the mechanism of Allitridin anti-HCMVactivity.

Methods: The cytotocity of Allitridin was evaluated through MTT colorimetry and cell morphology. HCMV IEA levels were quantitatively detected by Flow Cytometry respectively under the following conditions: Allitridin was given before (pretreated for 24 h), during, or after viral inoculation in which serial doses (maximum tolerant concentration, MTC for human embryo lung cells, HEL) of Allitridin was used to treat HCMV infected HLE cells for different durations (24, 48, 72, 96 h) after viral infection.

[Dynamic examination of duodenal fluid in the differential diagnosis of infantile cholestatic jaundice].

Objective: To investigate the value of dynamic examination of duodenal fluid in the differential diagnosis of infantile hepatitis syndrome (IHS) and extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA). The aim of the study was to establish a simple, rapid and accurate diagnostic procedure for infantile cholestatic jaundice.

Methods: The authors developed a special duodenal drainage-tube and established a specific duodenal fluid drainage technique.

[Analysis of 187 children with enteroviral central nervous system infection in Shandong area].

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of previously published enterovirus (EV) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in detection of EV in CSF samples from children with a diagnosis of aseptic meningitis and to investigate the clinical characteristics of the patients seen in Shandong.

Methods: EV RNA was detected in 187 CSF samples and serum and/or urine samples of a part of patients by RT-PCR and viral culture technique.

Results: RT-PCR was positive in all 62 CSF specimens which were positive by cell culture (100%).

[Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on urine filter paper in the high-risk screening and diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases].

Objective: To establish a specific procedure for the high-risk screening and diagnosis of organic acidurias and other inherited metabolic diseases in China.

Methods: A nation-wide network for the high-risk screening and diagnosis of genetic metabolic diseases was formed to facilitate the collaboration. Urine samples were collected using filter paper from patients with clinical symptoms suspicious of inherited metabolic diseases.

Experimental study on the prevention and treatment of murine cytomegalovirus hepatitis by using allitridin.

Allitridin (diallyl trisulfide), a main effective compound of Allium sativum (garlic), was previously shown to inhibit the expression of immediate-early antigens and viral proliferation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in vitro. Here we have examined the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of allitridin in a non-lethal murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) hepatitis in methylprednisolone-immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. Allitridin was administered at 25mg/kg per day (equal to the mean human dose) and 75 mg/kg per day in two regimens: prophylaxis plus therapy beginning at 2 days before infection and lasting for 18 days, and therapy lasting for 14 days initiated at 2 days after infection.

Experimental study of mouse cytomegalovirus infected mice.

In order to investigate the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, the mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infected mice were experimentally studied. 6 to 8 week old female BALB/C mice with immunosuppression were selected to undergo the MCMV inoculations: intracranial inoculation and peritoneal inoculation. MCMV of the infected mice in various organs and tissues were detected by using beta-gal staining and in situ nucleic acid hybridization assay.