Synergistic Antidepressant-like Effects of Biotics and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Dopaminergic Pathway through the Brain-Gut Axis in Rats Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress.

Probiotics, postbiotics, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have antidepressant-like effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of the dopaminergic pathway are unclear. The present study investigated the hypothesis that probiotics and postbiotics combined with n-3 PUFA synergistically improve depression by modulating the dopaminergic pathway through the brain-gut axis.

Timing and impact of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a comprehensive analysis.

Dysphagia is common in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, often requiring percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) for enteral nutrition. We retrospectively analyzed data from 188 Korean patients with ALS who underwent PEG tube insertion at five-time points: symptom onset (t), diagnosis (t), recommended time for gastrostomy (t), PEG insertion (t), and one-year post-insertion (t). The recommended time point for gastrostomy (T for gastrostomy) was defined as the earlier time point between a weight loss of more than 10% and advanced dysphagia indicated by the ALSFRS-R swallowing subscore of 2 or less.

Association of Plasma n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and the Prevalence of Frailty in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of UK Biobank.

Background: Circulating levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with frailty among Koreans (a population with a high intake of fish), but whether this association exists in Western populations with low fish intake is unknown. The present study examined the hypothesis that the prevalence of frailty was inversely associated with plasma levels of n-3 PUFAs, with the intake of oily fish, and with fish oil supplementation in older adults in the United Kingdom.

Methods: UK Biobank including 79 330 adults aged ≥65 years with dietary data, and 18 802 participants with plasma fatty acid data were used.

Effect of onion ( L.) peel extract on natural killer cell and cytokines in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background/objectives: Onion, particularly onion peel, is a quercetin-rich food with, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, the effect of onion peel extract (OPE) in humans is unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether OPE improves natural killer (NK) cell activity and cytokine concentration in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Association between fish intake and prevalence of frailty in community-dwelling older adults after 4-year follow-up: the Korean frailty and aging cohort study.

Cross-sectional epidemiological studies suggested the intake of fish and seafood was negatively associated with the prevalence of frailty. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that the prevalence of frailty is negatively associated with the consumption of total seafood and fish at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Using a multicenter longitudinal study of community-dwelling Korean adults aged 70-84 years old, 953 participants at baseline and 623 participants at 4-year follow-up were included after excluding participants without data on frailty or dietary intake in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

9,10-KODA, an α-ketol produced by the tonoplast-localized 9-lipoxygenase ZmLOX5, plays a signaling role in maize defense against insect herbivory.

13-Lipoxygenases (LOXs) initiate the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), the best-understood oxylipin hormone in herbivory defense. However, the roles of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins in insect resistance remain unclear. Here, we report a novel anti-herbivory mechanism mediated by a tonoplast-localized 9-LOX, ZmLOX5, and its linolenic acid-derived product, 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9,10-KODA).

Global spatial distribution of Chromolaena odorata habitat under climate change: random forest modeling of one of the 100 worst invasive alien species.

Anthropogenic activities and global climate change increase the risk of Chromolaena odorata invasion and habitat expansion. To predict its global distribution and habitat suitability under climate change, a random forest (RF) model was employed. The RF model, utilizing default parameters, analyzed species presence data and background information.

Synergistic antidepressant-like effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and probiotics through the brain-gut axis in rats exposed to chronic mild stress.

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and probiotics have antidepressant-like effects, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesized that n-3 PUFA combined with live and dead probiotics synergistically improves depression by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and serotonergic pathways through the brain-gut axis. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8/group): nonchronic mild stress (CMS) with n-6 PUFA, CMS with n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, live probiotics, dead probiotics, n-3 PUFA, and live probiotics, and n-3 PUFA and dead probiotics.

Fracture Liaison Service in Korea: 2022 Position Statement of the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures cause socioeconomic concerns, and medical system and policies appear insufficient to prepare for these issues in Korea, where the older adult population is rapidly increasing. Many countries around the world are already responding to osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures by adopting fracture liaison service (FLS), and such an attempt has only begun in Korea. In this article, we introduce the operation methods for institutions implementing FLS and characteristics of services, and activities of the FLS Committee for FLS implementation in the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Association of Fermented Products with Risk of Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Cohort Study.

We hypothesized that the intake of fermented soy and dairy products, but not fermented vegetable products, was associated with reduced cancer recurrence and mortality in breast cancer survivors. Women ( = 606) who underwent dietary survey using a 24-h recall within 3 years of breast cancer surgery were recruited, and were followed up for a mean of 89 mo,. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the risk of cancer recurrence was inversely associated with the intake of fermented soy products (Hazard ratios (HRs):0.

Intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish associated with prevalence of low lean mass and muscle mass among older women: Analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011.

The effects of dietary n-3 PUFA and fish on the risk of sarcopenia and muscle mass remain unclear. The present study investigated the hypothesis that intake of n-3 PUFA and fish is negatively associated with the prevalence of low lean mass (LLM) and positively correlated with muscle mass in older adults. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011, 1,620 men and 2,192 women aged over 65 years were analyzed.

Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on the Habitat Distribution of Parthenium hysterophorus around the World and in South Korea.

The global climate change, including increases in temperature and precipitation, may exacerbate the invasion by . . Here, MaxEnt modeling was performed to predict .

Position Statement: Vitamin D Intake to Prevent Osteoporosis and Fracture in Adults.

Adequate vitamin D status is essential for bone health. New randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone health have recently been published. This position statement updates and expands on the previous 2015 position statement of the Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research on the adequate vitamin D status for healthy older adults (age ≥ 70 years) and those at high risk of osteoporosis and fracture (adults on osteoporosis medications) to maintain serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) levels ≥ 20 ng/mL but < 50 ng/mL.

Association between Omega-3 Index and Hyperglycemia Depending on Body Mass Index among Adults in the United States.

There is inconsistency regarding the association between long-chain -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the Omega-3 Index (erythrocyte EPA + DHA) and glycemic status as a function of body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional data from routine clinical laboratory testing with a total of 100,572 people aged over 18 years and BMI ≥ 18.

Relationship between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and the Prognosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Antioxidant intake has been suggested to be associated with the prognosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study aimed to investigate whether dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and that of major food groups are related to disease progression rate (ΔFS) and survival time in ALS patients. A total of 301 participants diagnosed with sporadic ALS according to the revised El Escorial criteria were recruited from March 2011 and followed up to the event occurrence, or the end of October 2021.

Dietary PUFAs and Exercise Dynamic Actions on Endocannabinoids in Brain: Consequences for Neural Plasticity and Neuroinflammation.

The brain and peripheral nervous system provide oversight to muscle physiology and metabolism. Muscle is the largest organ in the body and critical for glucose sensitivity, prevention of diabetes, and control of obesity. The central nervous system produces endocannabinoids (eCBs) that play a role in brain neurobiology, such as inflammation and pain.

Dietary Reference Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for Koreans.

This paper examines the process and evidence used to create the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for Koreans. ALA (18:3n3) is an essential fatty acid, and EPA and DHA are known to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk and reduction of triglyceride levels. Various international organizations have suggested dietary recommendations for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including ALA, EPA, and DHA.

Association of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity with Cancer Recurrence and Mortality among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Antioxidants decrease the risk of breast cancer by reducing oxidative stress, but the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and cancer recurrence has not yet been investigated. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that DTAC is inversely associated with cancer recurrence and mortality in breast cancer patients. Breast cancer patients ( = 603) who underwent breast cancer surgery and a dietary survey within 5 years after surgery were recruited.

Red blood cell fatty acid patterns from 7 countries: Focus on the Omega-3 index.

Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) patterns are becoming recognized as long-term biomarkers of tissue FA composition, but different analytical methods have complicated inter-study and international comparisons. Here we report RBC FA data, with a focus on the Omega-3 Index (EPA + DHA in% of total FAs in RBC), from samples of seven countries (USA, Canada, Italy, Spain, Germany, South Korea, and Japan) including 167,347 individuals (93% of all samples were from the US). FA data were generated by a uniform methodology from a variety of interventional and observational studies and from clinical laboratories.

Validation of a New Food Frequency Questionnaire for Protein Intake Assessment in Korean.

Background: Protein intake is a modifiable factor associated with sarcopenia prevention; however, no appropriate methods exist to assess dietary protein intake in Koreans. This study developed and validated a simple and convenient food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to determine protein intake in Koreans.

Methods: A total of 120 participants aged >19 years were asked to complete both the FFQ used by the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and the newly developed Korean Protein Assessment Tool (KPAT).

Relationship between Low Muscle Strength, and Protein Intake: A Preliminary Study of Elderly Patients with Hip Fracture.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to assess the daily protein uptake and its relationship with sarcopenia, as defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), among elderly patients with hip fractures.

Methods: Forty-seven elderly patients with hip fractures were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. The main outcome measures included protein uptake, muscle mass, and grip strength for sarcopenia in elderly patients.

[Job Analysis of Nurse Care Coordinators for Chronic Illness Management in Primary Care Settings: Using Developing a Curriculum Process].

Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a job analysis of nurse carecoordinators and to identify the frequency, importance and difficulty of each task of their job.

Methods: A committee for developing a curriculum (DACUM) was formed and members of the committee defined nurse care coordinators' jobs and enumerated the duties, tasks and task elements by applying the DACUM technique. Then nurse care coordinators enrolled in the pilot project evaluated the frequency, importance and difficulty of each task.

Validation of the Updated Korean Calcium Assessment Tool.

Background: We previously developed the Korean Calcium Assessment Tool (KCAT) for assessing the intake of calcium and vitamin D in Korean women. However, based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI and VII (2013-2018), major food sources for calcium and vitamin D have changed, and the National Standard Food Composition database was updated. Therefore, the present study aimed to update the KCAT and validate the Updated KCAT.

Assessment of the Spatial Invasion Risk of Intentionally Introduced Alien Plant Species (IIAPS) under Environmental Change in South Korea.

Predicting the regions at risk of invasion from IIAPS is an integral horizon-scanning activity that plays a crucial role in preventing, controlling, and eradicating invasive species. Here, we quantify the spatial distribution area and invasion risk of IIAPS using a species distribution model under different levels of environmental change in South Korea. From the model predictions, the current average spatial extent of the 10 IIAPS is 33,948 km, and the individual spatial extents are estimated to change by -7% to 150% by 2050 and by -9% to 156% by 2070.

N-3 PUFA ameliorated bone loss induced by postmenopausal depression following exposure to chronic mild stress and maternal separation by regulating neuronal processes.

Depression induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) reduced bone mass in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and maternal separation (MS) during early life aggravated depression-induced bone mass destruction. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to improve bone mass and depression, but the bone-protecting effects of n-3 PUFA were unclear in CMS+MS-induced depression models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether n-3 PUFA improved CMS+MS-induced postmenopausal bone loss via its antidepressant-like action.