Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the newly-developed three-dimensional (3D) printed training module for navigation during retrograde intrarenal surgery.
Materials And Methods: Two specialists provided orientation to all trainees. The 3D printing model consisted of eight calyces in each kidney.
We evaluated the expression of PDLIM2 in human kidney cancer cell lines from primary or metastatic origins and found that PDLIM2 expression was highly elevated in metastatic kidney cancers. We evaluated the effect of PDLIM2 inhibition by RNA interference method. PDLIM2 knockdown showed the decreased proliferation and metastatic character in human metastatic kidney cancer cells.
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