NOD3 Reduces Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Regulating the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and the Polarization of Alveolar Macrophages.

The pathogenesis of sepsis-induced Acute lung injury (ALI) progresses rapidly, and no effective treatment drugs are known, resulting in a high mortality rate. NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation plays an important role in the pathological progression of ALI, and often coincide with the inflammatory activation and polarization of macrophages. NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 3 (NOD3) was reported protecting against sepsis-induced pulmonary pathological injury and inhibiting the inflammatory response in lung tissue.

Physiologic Comparison of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation and Low Tidal Volume Ventilation in ARDS: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The physiologic effects of different ventilation strategies on patients with ARDS need to be better understood.

Research Question: In patients with ARDS receiving controlled mandatory ventilation, does airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) improve lung ventilation/perfusion (V˙/Q˙) matching and ventilation homogeneity compared with low tidal volume (LTV) ventilation?

Study Design And Methods: This study was a single-center randomized controlled trial. Patients with moderate to severe ARDS were ventilated randomly with APRV or LTV ventilation.

Effects of different VV ECMO blood flow rates on lung perfusion assessment by hypertonic saline bolus-based electrical impedance tomography.

Objective: Our study aimed to investigate the effects of different extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) blood flow rates on lung perfusion assessment using the saline bolus-based electrical impedance tomography (EIT) technique in patients on veno-venous (VV) ECMO.

Methods: In this single-centered prospective physiological study, patients on VV ECMO who met the ECMO weaning criteria were assessed for lung perfusion using saline bolus-based EIT at various ECMO blood flow rates (gradually decreased from 4.5 L/min to 3.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients with sepsis and septic shock: Why, how, when, and for whom.

Sepsis and septic shock remain the leading causes of death in intensive care units. Some patients with sepsis fail to respond to routine treatment and rapidly progress to refractory respiratory and circulatory failure, necessitating extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). However, the role of ECMO in adult patients with sepsis has not been fully established.

Effects of airway pressure release ventilation on lung physiology assessed by electrical impedance tomography in patients with early moderate-to-severe ARDS.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological impact of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) on patients with early moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by electrical impedance tomography (EIT).

Methods: In this single-center prospective physiological study, adult patients with early moderate-to-severe ARDS mechanically ventilated with APRV were assessed by EIT shortly after APRV (T0), and 6 h (T1), 12 h (T2), and 24 h (T3) after APRV initiation. Regional ventilation and perfusion distribution, dead space (%), shunt (%), and ventilation/perfusion matching (%) based on EIT measurement at different time points were compared.

Impact of early enteral nutrition on ventilator associated pneumonia in intubated severe trauma patients: A propensity score-matched study.

Background: Early enteral nutrition (EN) is recommended for critically ill patients. However, the impact of early EN on intubated severe trauma patients remains unclear.

Methods: Severely traumatized adult patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) for more than 48 h during intensive care unit (ICU) stay at our institution between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively included.

[A child suffering from severe acute respiratory distress syndrome due to multiple trauma was treated with veno-veous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with the dual lumen cannula: a case report].

Veno-veous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has been widely used in the treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Up to now, the routine access to establish VV-ECMO involves two-sites single lumen cannula via femoral vein and internal jugular venous in adult and children, while few studies about the dual lumen cannula (DLC) in VV-ECMO implemented in adult and children have been reported. On December 16, 2021, an unconscious child with severe ARDS due to multiple trauma caused by fatal falling from a height was admitted to Taihe Hospital.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for SARS-CoV-2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Retrospective Study From Hubei, China.

The data on long-term outcomes of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in China are merely available. A retrospective study included 73 patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and treated with ECMO in 21 intensive care units in Hubei, China. Data on demographic information, clinical features, laboratory tests, ECMO durations, complications, and living status were collected.

Tracheostomy in 80 COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a large and increasing number of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. The indication and optimal timing of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients are still unclear, and the outcomes about tracheostomy have not been extensively reported. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia who underwent elective tracheostomies.

A Novel Risk-Stratification Models of the High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in COVID-19 Patients With Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure.

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been recommended as a suitable choice for the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure before mechanical ventilation (MV); however, delaying MV with HFNC therapy is still a dilemma between the technique and clinical management during the ongoing pandemic. Retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients treated with HFNC therapy from four hospitals of Wuhan, China. Demographic information and clinical variables before, at, and shortly after HFNC initiation were collected and analyzed.

Patients with Prolonged Positivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Benefit from Convalescent Plasma Therapy: A Retrospective Study.

Convalescent plasma therapy has been implemented in a few cases of severe coronavirus disease 2019. No report about convalescent plasma therapy in treating patients with prolonged positivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been published. In this study, we conducted a retrospective observational study in 27 patients with prolonged positivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, the clinical benefit of convalescent plasma therapy were analyzed.

Dynamic Changes of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Patients at Early Stage of Outbreak.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread around the world with high mortality. To diagnose promptly and accurately is the vital step to effectively control its pandemic. Dynamic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies which are important for diagnosis of infection have not been fully demonstrated.

Clinical course and predictors of 60-day mortality in 239 critically ill patients with COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective study from Wuhan, China.

Background: The global numbers of confirmed cases and deceased critically ill patients with COVID-19 are increasing. However, the clinical course, and the 60-day mortality and its predictors in critically ill patients have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical course, and 60-day mortality and its predictors in critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Plasma metabolomic and lipidomic alterations associated with COVID-19.

The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health crisis. The symptoms of COVID-19 range from mild to severe, but the physiological changes associated with COVID-19 are barely understood. In this study, we performed targeted metabolomic and lipidomic analyses of plasma from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 who had experienced different symptoms.

Patients with COVID-19 in 19 ICUs in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: A COVID-19 outbreak started in Wuhan, China, last December and now has become a global pandemic. The clinical information in caring of critically ill patients with COVID-19 needs to be shared timely, especially under the situations that there is still a largely ongoing spread of COVID-19 in many countries.

Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study investigated all the COVID-19 patients received in 19 ICUs of 16 hospitals in Wuhan, China, over 24 h between 8 AM February 2h and 8 AM February 27, 2020.

Thrombocytopenia and its association with mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is spreading rapidly around the world. Thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 has not been fully studied.

Objective: To describe thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19.

Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study.

Background: An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in December, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Information about critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection is scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.

[Effect of heparin pretreatment on the level of neutrophil extracellular traps of serum and lung tissue in septic mice].

Objective: To investigate the influence of heparin pretreatment on serum and lung tissue level of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in septic mice model and its molecular mechanism.

Methods: Ninety male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group (n = 30), lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group (n = 30, 30 mg/kg LPS in 100 ?L normal saline was intraperitoneally injected) and LPS+heparin group (n = 30, 8 U of heparin in 20 ?L normal saline was subcutaneously injected 30 minutes before the injection of LPS). Six hours later of LPS injection, blood was collected and lung tissue was harvested.